Ralph Marino

TitleVolunteer Faculty
InstitutionThomas Jefferson University
DepartmentRehabilitation Medicine
Address1025 Walnut St.
Philadelphia PA 19107
Phone215-955-5756
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    K11HD001020     (MARINO, RALPH J)Jul 1, 1993 - Jun 30, 1998
    NIH
    IMPROVED DISABILITY MEASURES IN SPINAL CORD INJURY
    Role: Principal Investigator

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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Carey RL, Le H, Coffman DL, Nahum-Shani I, Thirumalai M, Hagen C, Baehr LA, Schmidt-Read M, Lamboy MSR, Kolakowsky-Hayner SA, Marino RJ, Intille SS, Hiremath SV. mHealth-Based Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention to Improve the Physical Activity Levels of Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2024 Jun 28; 13:e57699. PMID: 38941145.
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    2. Moritz C, Field-Fote EC, Tefertiller C, van Nes I, Trumbower R, Kalsi-Ryan S, Purcell M, Janssen TWJ, Krassioukov A, Morse LR, Zhao KD, Guest J, Marino RJ, Murray LM, Wecht JM, Rieger M, Pradarelli J, Turner A, D'Amico J, Squair JW, Courtine G. Non-invasive spinal cord electrical stimulation for arm and hand function in chronic tetraplegia: a safety and efficacy trial. Nat Med. 2024 May; 30(5):1276-1283. PMID: 38769431.
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    3. Hiremath SV, Marino RJ, Coffman DL, Karmarkar AM, Tucker CA. Assessing functional recovery for individuals with spinal cord injury post-discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. J Spinal Cord Med. 2023 Jun 23; 1-9. PMID: 37351942.
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    4. Bell A, Grampurohit N, Kains G, Marino RJ. Developing guiding principles for technology-based rehabilitation program by engaging people with motor incomplete tetraplegia. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2022 11 24; 19(1):128. PMID: 36424612.
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    5. Hiremath SV, Marino RJ, Coffman DL, Karmarkar AM, Tucker CA. Evaluating associations between trauma-related characteristics and functional recovery in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2022 Aug 22; 1-9. PMID: 35993800.
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    6. Field-Fote EC, Furbish CL, Tripp NE, Zanca JM, Dyson-Hudson T, Kirshblum S, Heinemann AW, Chen D, Felix ER, Worobey L, Schmidt-Read M, Marino RJ, Hayat MJ. Characterizing the Experience of Spasticity after Spinal Cord Injury: A National Survey Project of the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Centers. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 May 17. PMID: 34015348.
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    7. Monden KR, Coker J, Charlifue S, Bennett SJ, Draganich C, Coons D, Marino RJ, Berliner J. Long-Term Follow-Up of Individuals with Ventilator Dependent High Tetraplegia Managed with Diaphragmatic Pacing Systems. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 Mar 22. PMID: 33766556.
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    8. Hiremath SV, Karmarkar AM, Kumar A, Coffman DL, Marino RJ. Factors associated with post-acute functional status and discharge dispositions in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2021 Feb 19; 1-11. PMID: 33606613.
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    9. Grampurohit N, Bell A, Duff SV, Mulcahey MJ, Thielen CC, Kaplan G, Marino RJ. Highlighting gaps in spinal cord injury research in activity-based interventions for the upper extremity: A scoping review. NeuroRehabilitation. 2021; 49(1):23-38. PMID: 33967071.
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    10. Marino RJ, Leff M, Cardenas DD, Donovan J, Chen D, Kirshblum S, Leiby BE. Trends in Rates of ASIA Impairment Scale Conversion in Traumatic Complete Spinal Cord Injury. Neurotrauma Rep. 2020; 1(1):192-200. PMID: 34223541.
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    11. Oleson CV, Marino RJ, Formal CS, Modlesky CM, Leiby BE. The effect of zoledronic acid on attenuation of bone loss at the hip and knee following acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a randomized-controlled study. Spinal Cord. 2020 Feb 13. PMID: 32055041.
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    12. Petrin Z, Marino RJ, Oleson CV, Simon JI, McCormick ZL. Paralysis following Lumbar Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injection in the Absence of Hematoma: A Case of Congestive Myelopathy due to Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula and a Review of the Literature. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Oct 07. PMID: 31592878.
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    13. Marino RJ, Schmidt-Read M, Chen A, Kirshblum SC, Dyson-Hudson TA, Field-Fote E, Zafonte R. Reliability of S3 pressure sensation and voluntary hip adduction/toe flexion and agreement with deep anal pressure and voluntary anal contraction in classifying persons with traumatic spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2019 Jun 17; 1-7. PMID: 31204908.
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    14. Poplawski MM, Alizadeh M, Oleson CV, Fisher J, Marino R, Gorniak R, Leiby B, Flanders A. Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Forecasting Neurological Injury and Recovery after Human Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma. 2019 May 04. PMID: 31057044.
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    15. Keeney T, Slavin M, Kisala P, Ni P, Heinemann AW, Charlifue S, Fyffe DC, Marino RJ, Morse LR, Worobey LA, Tate D, Rosenblum D, Zafonte R, Tulsky D, Jette AM. Sensitivity of the SCI-FI/AT in Individuals with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018 Mar 30. PMID: 29608900.
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    16. Marino RJ. The anorectal exam is unnecessary! Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2018; 4:3. PMID: 29423308.
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    17. Marino RJ, Sinko R, Bryden A, Backus D, Chen D, Nemunaitis GA, Leiby BE. Comparison of Responsiveness and Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the Capabilities of Upper Extremity Test (CUE-T) and the Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility and Prehension (GRASSP). Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2018; 24(3):227-238. PMID: 29997426.
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    18. Dent K, Grampurohit N, Thielen CC, Sadowsky C, Davidson L, Taylor HB, Bultman J, Gaughan J, Marino RJ, Mulcahey MJ. Evaluation of the Capabilities of Upper Extremity Test (CUE-T) in Children With Tetraplegia. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2018; 24(3):239-251. PMID: 29997427.
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    19. Thielen CC, Marino RJ, Duff S, Kaplan G, Mulcahey MJ. Activity-based Rehabilitation Interventions of the Neurologically Impaired Upper Extremity: Description of a Scoping Review Protocol. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2018; 24(3):288-294. PMID: 29997431.
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    20. Alexander M, Aslam H, Marino RJ. Pulse article: How do you do the international standards for neurological classification of SCI anorectal exam? Spinal Cord Ser Cases. 2017; 3:17078. PMID: 29423284.
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    21. Fehlings MG, Martin AR, Tetreault LA, Aarabi B, Anderson P, Arnold PM, Brodke D, Burns AS, Chiba K, Dettori JR, Furlan JC, Hawryluk G, Holly LT, Howley S, Jeji T, Kalsi-Ryan S, Kotter M, Kurpad S, Kwon BK, Marino RJ, Massicotte E, Merli G, Middleton JW, Nakashima H, Nagoshi N, Palmieri K, Singh A, Skelly AC, Tsai EC, Vaccaro A, Wilson JR, Yee A, Harrop JS. A Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Recommendations on the Role of Baseline Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Clinical Decision Making and Outcome Prediction. Global Spine J. 2017 Sep; 7(3 Suppl):221S-230S. PMID: 29164028.
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    22. Fehlings MG, Tetreault LA, Aarabi B, Anderson P, Arnold PM, Brodke DS, Chiba K, Dettori JR, Furlan JC, Harrop JS, Hawryluk G, Holly LT, Howley S, Jeji T, Kalsi-Ryan S, Kotter M, Kurpad S, Kwon BK, Marino RJ, Martin AR, Massicotte E, Merli G, Middleton JW, Nakashima H, Nagoshi N, Palmieri K, Singh A, Skelly AC, Tsai EC, Vaccaro A, Wilson JR, Yee A, Burns AS. A Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Recommendations on the Type and Timing of Rehabilitation. Global Spine J. 2017 Sep; 7(3 Suppl):231S-238S. PMID: 29164029.
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    23. Fehlings MG, Tetreault LA, Aarabi B, Anderson P, Arnold PM, Brodke DS, Burns AS, Chiba K, Dettori JR, Furlan JC, Hawryluk G, Holly LT, Howley S, Jeji T, Kalsi-Ryan S, Kotter M, Kurpad S, Kwon BK, Marino RJ, Martin AR, Massicotte E, Merli G, Middleton JW, Nakashima H, Nagoshi N, Palmieri K, Singh A, Skelly AC, Tsai EC, Vaccaro A, Wilson JR, Yee A, Harrop JS. A Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Recommendations on the Type and Timing of Anticoagulant Thromboprophylaxis. Global Spine J. 2017 Sep; 7(3 Suppl):212S-220S. PMID: 29164026.
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    24. Fehlings MG, Wilson JR, Tetreault LA, Aarabi B, Anderson P, Arnold PM, Brodke DS, Burns AS, Chiba K, Dettori JR, Furlan JC, Hawryluk G, Holly LT, Howley S, Jeji T, Kalsi-Ryan S, Kotter M, Kurpad S, Kwon BK, Marino RJ, Martin AR, Massicotte E, Merli G, Middleton JW, Nakashima H, Nagoshi N, Palmieri K, Skelly AC, Singh A, Tsai EC, Vaccaro A, Yee A, Harrop JS. A Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Recommendations on the Use of Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate. Global Spine J. 2017 Sep; 7(3 Suppl):203S-211S. PMID: 29164025.
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    25. Burns AS, Marino RJ, Kalsi-Ryan S, Middleton JW, Tetreault LA, Dettori JR, Mihalovich KE, Fehlings MG. Type and Timing of Rehabilitation Following Acute and Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review. Global Spine J. 2017 Sep; 7(3 Suppl):175S-194S. PMID: 29164023.
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    26. Fehlings MG, Tetreault LA, Wilson JR, Aarabi B, Anderson P, Arnold PM, Brodke DS, Burns AS, Chiba K, Dettori JR, Furlan JC, Hawryluk G, Holly LT, Howley S, Jeji T, Kalsi-Ryan S, Kotter M, Kurpad S, Marino RJ, Martin AR, Massicotte E, Merli G, Middleton JW, Nakashima H, Nagoshi N, Palmieri K, Singh A, Skelly AC, Tsai EC, Vaccaro A, Yee A, Harrop JS. A Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury and Central Cord Syndrome: Recommendations on the Timing (=24 Hours Versus >24 Hours) of Decompressive Surgery. Global Spine J. 2017 Sep; 7(3 Suppl):195S-202S. PMID: 29164024.
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    27. Slavin MD, Ni P, Tulsky DS, Kisala PA, Heinemann AW, Charlifue S, Fyffe DC, Graves DE, Marino RJ, Morse LR, Rosenblum D, Tate D, Worobey LA, Dawson MB, Jette AM. Spinal Cord Injury-Functional Index/Assistive Technology Short Forms. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Oct; 97(10):1745-1752.e7. PMID: 27133356.
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    28. Kirshblum SC, Botticello AL, Dyson-Hudson TA, Byrne R, Marino RJ, Lammertse DP. Patterns of Sacral Sparing Components on Neurologic Recovery in Newly Injured Persons With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Oct; 97(10):1647-55. PMID: 26971670.
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    29. Marino RJ, Schmidt-Read M, Kirshblum SC, Dyson-Hudson TA, Tansey K, Morse LR, Graves DE. Reliability and Validity of S3 Pressure Sensation as an Alternative to Deep Anal Pressure in Neurologic Classification of Persons With Spinal Cord Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Oct; 97(10):1642-6. PMID: 26921681.
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    30. Oleson CV, Marino RJ, Leiby BE, Ditunno JF. Influence of Age Alone, and Age Combined With Pinprick, on Recovery of Walking Function in Motor Complete, Sensory Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Oct; 97(10):1635-41. PMID: 26898390.
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    31. Johnston TE, Marino RJ, Oleson CV, Schmidt-Read M, Leiby BE, Sendecki J, Singh H, Modlesky CM. Musculoskeletal Effects of Two Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling Paradigms Conducted at Different Cadences for People with Spinal Cord Injury: a Pilot Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015 Dec 16. PMID: 26705884.
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    32. Johnston TE, Marino RJ, Oleson CV, Schmidt-Read M, Modlesky CM. Cycling with Functional Electrical Stimulation Before and After a Distal Femur Fracture in a Man with Paraplegia. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2015; 21(4):275-81. PMID: 26689692.
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    33. Walden K, Bélanger LM, Biering-Sørensen F, Burns SP, Echeverria E, Kirshblum S, Marino RJ, Noonan VK, Park SE, Reeves RK, Waring W, Dvorak MF. Development and validation of a computerized algorithm for International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI). Spinal Cord. 2015 Sep 1. PMID: 26323348.
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    34. Zohrabian VM, Parker L, Harrop JS, Vaccaro AR, Marino RJ, Flanders AE. Can anatomic level of injury on MRI predict neurological level in acute cervical spinal cord injury? Br J Neurosurg. 2016 Apr; 30(2):204-10. PMID: 26168300.
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    35. Lee BA, Leiby BE, Marino RJ. Neurological and functional recovery after thoracic spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2016 Jan; 39(1):67-76. PMID: 25520184.
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    36. Marino RJ, Kern SB, Leiby B, Schmidt-Read M, Mulcahey MJ. Reliability and validity of the capabilities of upper extremity test (CUE-T) in subjects with chronic spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2015 Jul; 38(4):498-504. PMID: 25297342.
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    37. Oleson CV, Marino RJ. Responsiveness and concurrent validity of the revised capabilities of upper extremity-questionnaire (CUE-Q) in patients with acute tetraplegia. Spinal Cord. 2014 Aug; 52(8):625-8. PMID: 24891011.
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    38. Ditunno JF, Ditunno PL, Scivoletto G, Patrick M, Dijkers M, Barbeau H, Burns AS, Marino RJ, Schmidt-Read M. The Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI/WISCI II): nature, metric properties, use and misuse. Spinal Cord. 2013 May; 51(5):346-55. PMID: 23459122.
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    39. Marino RJ, Patrick M, Albright W, Leiby BE, Mulcahey M, Schmidt-Read M, Kern SB. Development of an objective test of upper-limb function in tetraplegia: the capabilities of upper extremity test. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Jun; 91(6):478-86. PMID: 22469875.
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    40. Burns AS, Marino RJ, Flanders AE, Flett H. Clinical diagnosis and prognosis following spinal cord injury. Handb Clin Neurol. 2012; 109:47-62. PMID: 23098705.
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    41. Patrick M, Ditunno P, Ditunno JF, Marino RJ, Scivoletto G, Lam T, Loffree J, Tamburella F, Leiby B. Consumer preference in ranking walking function utilizing the walking index for spinal cord injury II. Spinal Cord. 2011 Dec; 49(12):1164-72. PMID: 21788954.
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    42. Marino RJ, Burns S, Graves DE, Leiby BE, Kirshblum S, Lammertse DP. Upper- and lower-extremity motor recovery after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: an update from the national spinal cord injury database. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011 Mar; 92(3):369-75. PMID: 21353821.
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    43. Kirshblum S, Botticello A, Lammertse DP, Marino RJ, Chiodo AE, Jha A. The impact of sacral sensory sparing in motor complete spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011 Mar; 92(3):376-83. PMID: 21353822.
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    44. Burns AS, Delparte JJ, Patrick M, Marino RJ, Ditunno JF. The reproducibility and convergent validity of the walking index for spinal cord injury (WISCI) in chronic spinal cord injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2011 Feb; 25(2):149-57. PMID: 21239706.
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    45. Ploumis A, Kolli S, Patrick M, Owens M, Beris A, Marino RJ. Length of stay and medical stability for spinal cord-injured patients on admission to an inpatient rehabilitation hospital: a comparison between a model SCI trauma center and non-SCI trauma center. Spinal Cord. 2011 Mar; 49(3):411-5. PMID: 20921959.
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    46. Marino RJ, Scivoletto G, Patrick M, Tamburella F, Read MS, Burns AS, Hauck W, Ditunno J. Walking index for spinal cord injury version 2 (WISCI-II) with repeatability of the 10-m walk time: Inter- and intrarater reliabilities. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Jan; 89(1):7-15. PMID: 20026943.
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    47. Marino RJ, Jones L, Kirshblum S, Tal J, Dasgupta A. Reliability and repeatability of the motor and sensory examination of the international standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2008; 31(2):166-70. PMID: 18581663.
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    48. Kim MO, Burns AS, Ditunno JF, Marino RJ. The assessment of walking capacity using the walking index for spinal cord injury: self-selected versus maximal levels. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Jun; 88(6):762-7. PMID: 17532899.
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    49. Ditunno JF, Barbeau H, Dobkin BH, Elashoff R, Harkema S, Marino RJ, Hauck WW, Apple D, Basso DM, Behrman A, Deforge D, Fugate L, Saulino M, Scott M, Chung J. Validity of the walking scale for spinal cord injury and other domains of function in a multicenter clinical trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2007 Nov-Dec; 21(6):539-50. PMID: 17507642.
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    50. Ditunno JF, Scivoletto G, Patrick M, Biering-Sorensen F, Abel R, Marino R. Validation of the walking index for spinal cord injury in a US and European clinical population. Spinal Cord. 2008 Mar; 46(3):181-8. PMID: 17502878.
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    51. Krassioukov AV, Karlsson AK, Wecht JM, Wuermser LA, Mathias CJ, Marino RJ. Assessment of autonomic dysfunction following spinal cord injury: rationale for additions to International Standards for Neurological Assessment. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2007; 44(1):103-12. PMID: 17551864.
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    52. Marino RJ. Domains of outcomes in spinal cord injury for clinical trials to improve neurological function. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2007; 44(1):113-22. PMID: 17551865.
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    53. Vaccaro AR, Baron EM, Sanfilippo J, Jacoby S, Steuve J, Grossman E, DiPaola M, Ranier P, Austin L, Ropiak R, Ciminello M, Okafor C, Eichenbaum M, Rapuri V, Smith E, Orozco F, Ugolini P, Fletcher M, Minnich J, Goldberg G, Wilsey J, Lee JY, Lim MR, Burns A, Marino R, DiPaola C, Zeiller L, Zeiler SC, Harrop J, Anderson DG, Albert TJ, Hilibrand AS. Reliability of a novel classification system for thoracolumbar injuries: the Thoracolumbar Injury Severity Score. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 May 15; 31(11 Suppl):S62-9; discussion S104. PMID: 16685239.
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    54. Ragnarsson KT, Wuermser LA, Cardenas DD, Marino RJ. Spinal cord injury clinical trials for neurologic restoration: improving care through clinical research. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Nov; 84(11 Suppl):S77-97; quiz S98-100. PMID: 16251838.
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    55. Ditunno JF, Burns AS, Marino RJ. Neurological and functional capacity outcome measures: essential to spinal cord injury clinical trials. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2005 May-Jun; 42(3 Suppl 1):35-41. PMID: 16195961.
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    56. Marino RJ, Graves DE. Metric properties of the ASIA motor score: subscales improve correlation with functional activities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Nov; 85(11):1804-10. PMID: 15520975.
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    57. Marino RJ, Barros T, Biering-Sorensen F, Burns SP, Donovan WH, Graves DE, Haak M, Hudson LM, Priebe MM. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2003; 26 Suppl 1:S50-6. PMID: 16296564.
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    58. Marino RJ. Fine-Tuning The Neurological Classification Of Spinal Cord Injury: The Sixth Edition. J Spinal Cord Med. 2003 Jan; 26(sup1):S49. PMID: 27700262.
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    59. Cohen ME, Marino RJ. The tools of disability outcomes research functional status measures. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000 Dec; 81(12 Suppl 2):S21-9. PMID: 11128901.
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    60. Flanders AE, Spettell CM, Friedman DP, Marino RJ, Herbison GJ. The relationship between the functional abilities of patients with cervical spinal cord injury and the severity of damage revealed by MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999 May; 20(5):926-34. PMID: 10369368.
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    61. Marino RJ, Goin JE. Development of a short-form Quadriplegia Index of Function scale. Spinal Cord. 1999 Apr; 37(4):289-96. PMID: 10338351.
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    62. Marino RJ, Shea JA, Stineman MG. The Capabilities of Upper Extremity instrument: reliability and validity of a measure of functional limitation in tetraplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998 Dec; 79(12):1512-21. PMID: 9862292.
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    63. Marino RJ, Rider-Foster D, Maissel G, Ditunno JF. Superiority of motor level over single neurological level in categorizing tetraplegia. Paraplegia. 1995 Sep; 33(9):510-3. PMID: 8524603.
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    64. Marciello MA, Herbison GJ, Ditunno JF, Marino RJ, Cohen ME. Wrist strength measured by myometry as an indicator of functional independence. J Neurotrauma. 1995 Feb; 12(1):99-106. PMID: 7783236.
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    65. Marino RJ, Herbison GJ, Ditunno JF. Peripheral sprouting as a mechanism for recovery in the zone of injury in acute quadriplegia: a single-fiber EMG study. Muscle Nerve. 1994 Dec; 17(12):1466-8. PMID: 7969249.
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    66. Marino RJ, Huang M, Knight P, Herbison GJ, Ditunno JF, Segal M. Assessing selfcare status in quadriplegia: comparison of the quadriplegia index of function (QIF) and the functional independence measure (FIM). Paraplegia. 1993 Apr; 31(4):225-33. PMID: 8493037.
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    67. Mange KC, Marino RJ, Gregory PC, Herbison GJ, Ditunno JF. Course of motor recovery in the zone of partial preservation in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992 May; 73(5):437-41. PMID: 1580770.
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    68. Wu L, Marino RJ, Herbison GJ, Ditunno JF. Recovery of zero-grade muscles in the zone of partial preservation in motor complete quadriplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992 Jan; 73(1):40-3. PMID: 1729972.
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    69. Herbison GJ, Zerby SA, Cohen ME, Marino RJ, Ditunno JF. Motor power differences within the first two weeks post-SCI in cervical spinal cord-injured quadriplegic subjects. J Neurotrauma. 1992; 9(4):373-80. PMID: 1291696.
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    70. Brown PJ, Marino RJ, Herbison GJ, Ditunno JF. The 72-hour examination as a predictor of recovery in motor complete quadriplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1991 Jul; 72(8):546-8. PMID: 2059130.
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    71. Fishburn MJ, Marino RJ, Ditunno JF. Atelectasis and pneumonia in acute spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990 Mar; 71(3):197-200. PMID: 2317137.
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