Thomas Jefferson University

Irving Shapiro

TitleProfessor
InstitutionThomas Jefferson University
DepartmentOrthopedic Surgery
Address132 S. 10th St.
Philadelphia PA 19107
Phone215-955-7217
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    R01AM034411     (SHAPIRO, IRVING M)Jul 1, 1984 - Jun 30, 1987
    NIH
    ROLE OF METABOLIC FACTORS IN BONE FORMATION
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AR034411     (SHAPIRO, IRVING M)Jul 1, 1984 - Dec 31, 1993
    NIH
    ROLE OF METABOLIC FACTORS IN BONE FORMATION
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R13DE008990     (SHAPIRO, IRVING M)Jun 1, 1989 - May 31, 1990
    NIH
    BONES AND TEETH--1989
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01DE009684     (SHAPIRO, IRVING M)Feb 15, 1991 - Feb 14, 1997
    NIH
    OXIDATIVE METABOLISM AND GROWTH PLATE MINERALIZATION
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01DE010875     (SHAPIRO, IRVING M)Mar 1, 1994 - Mar 31, 2008
    NIH
    BONE GROWTH IN DENTAL, CRANIAL AND SKELETAL TISSUES
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R13DE012594     (SHAPIRO, IRVING M)Jul 15, 1998 - Jul 14, 1999
    NIH
    GORDON CONFERENCE ON BIOMINERALIZATION
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01DE013319     (SHAPIRO, IRVING M)Sep 1, 1999 - Aug 31, 2005
    NIH
    CRANIOFACIAL DEVELOPMENT: METABOLIC CONTROL OF APOPTOSIS
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AR050087     (SHAPIRO, IRVING M)Feb 1, 2005 - Jul 31, 2014
    NIH
    Regeneration of Nucleus Pulposus by Tissue Engineering
    Role: Principal Investigator
    T32AR052273     (SHAPIRO, IRVING M)Apr 1, 2005 - May 31, 2021
    NIH
    Connective Tissue and Regenration Medicine Training Program
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AR051303     (SHAPIRO, IRVING M)Sep 22, 2005 - Jul 31, 2011
    NIH
    Smart Substrates for a New Generation of Implants
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R13AR065339     (SHAPIRO, IRVING M)Sep 1, 2013 - Aug 31, 2014
    NIH
    New Horizons in Intervertebral Disc Research
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AR064733     (RISBUD, MAKARAND V)Apr 1, 2014 - Mar 31, 2020
    NIH
    Disruption of Osmoregulation Promotes Degenerative Disc Disease
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    R13AR068927     (SHAPIRO, IRVING M)Sep 1, 2015 - Aug 31, 2016
    NIH
    New Horizons in Intervertebral Disc Research
    Role: Principal Investigator

    Collapse Bibliographic 
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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Shapiro IM, Risbud MV, Landis WJ. Toward understanding the cellular control of vertebrate mineralization: The potential role of mitochondria. Bone. 2024 Aug; 185:117112. PMID: 38697384.
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    2. Zhao N, Curry D, Evans RE, Isguven S, Freeman T, Eisenbrey JR, Forsberg F, Gilbertie JM, Boorman S, Hilliard R, Dastgheyb SS, Machado P, Stanczak M, Harwood M, Chen AF, Parvizi J, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ, Schaer TP. Microbubble cavitation restores Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic susceptibility in vitro and in a septic arthritis model. Commun Biol. 2023 04 17; 6(1):425. PMID: 37069337.
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    3. Johnston SN, Silagi ES, Madhu V, Nguyen DH, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. GLUT1 is redundant in hypoxic and glycolytic nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc. JCI Insight. 2023 Mar 14. PMID: 36917198.
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    4. Johnston SN, Madhu V, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Conditional Deletion of HIF-2a in Mouse Nucleus Pulposus Reduces Fibrosis and Provides Mild and Transient Protection From Age-Dependent Structural Changes in Intervertebral Disc. J Bone Miner Res. 2022 12; 37(12):2512-2530. PMID: 36117450.
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    5. Boneski PK, Madhu V, Tomlinson RE, Shapiro IM, van de Wetering K, Risbud MV. Abcc6 Null Mice-a Model for Mineralization Disorder PXE Shows Vertebral Osteopenia Without Enhanced Intervertebral Disc Calcification With Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022; 10:823249. PMID: 35186933.
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    6. Novais EJ, Tran VA, Johnston SN, Darris KR, Roupas AJ, Sessions GA, Shapiro IM, Diekman BO, Risbud MV. Long-term treatment with senolytic drugs Dasatinib and Quercetin ameliorates age-dependent intervertebral disc degeneration in mice. Nat Commun. 2021 09 03; 12(1):5213. PMID: 34480023.
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    7. Silagi ES, Schipani E, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. The role of HIF proteins in maintaining the metabolic health of the intervertebral disc. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021 07; 17(7):426-439. PMID: 34083809.
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    8. Novais EJ, Choi H, Madhu V, Suyama K, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Shapiro IM, Salgado AJ, Risbud MV. Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1a Regulate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Nucleus Pulposus Cells: Implications of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress for Extracellular Matrix Secretion. Am J Pathol. 2020 Dec 08. PMID: 33307037.
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    9. Tsingas M, Ottone OK, Haseeb A, Barve RA, Shapiro IM, Lefebvre V, Risbud MV. Sox9 deletion causes severe intervertebral disc degeneration characterized by apoptosis, matrix remodeling, and compartment-specific transcriptomic changes. Matrix Biol. 2020 Dec; 94:110-133. PMID: 33027692.
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    10. Novais EJ, Tran VA, Miao J, Slaver K, Sinensky A, Dyment NA, Addya S, Szeri F, van de Wetering K, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Comparison of inbred mouse strains shows diverse phenotypic outcomes of intervertebral disc aging. Aging Cell. 2020 Apr 22. PMID: 32319726.
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    11. Madhu V, Boneski PK, Silagi E, Qiu Y, Kurland I, Guntur AR, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Hypoxic regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and mitophagy in nucleus pulposus cells is dependent on HIF-1a -BNIP3 axis. J Bone Miner Res. 2020 Apr 06. PMID: 32251541.
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    12. Tessier S, Doolittle AC, Sao K, Rotty JD, Bear JE, Ulici V, Loeser RF, Shapiro IM, Diekman BO, Risbud MV. Arp2/3 inactivation causes intervertebral disc and cartilage degeneration with dysregulated TonEBP-mediated osmoadaptation. JCI Insight. 2020 Jan 21. PMID: 31961823.
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    13. Gorth DJ, Ottone OK, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Differential Effect of Long-Term Systemic Exposure of TNFa on Health of the Annulus Fibrosus and Nucleus Pulposus of the Intervertebral Disc. J Bone Miner Res. 2019 Dec 04. PMID: 31800975.
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    14. Tessier S, Tran VA, Ottone OK, Novais EJ, Doolittle A, DiMuzio MJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. TonEBP-deficiency accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration underscored by matrix remodeling, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and changes in proinflammatory gene expression. Matrix Biol. 2019 Nov 09. PMID: 31707045.
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    15. Silagi ES, Novais EJ, Bisetto S, Telonis AG, Snuggs J, Le Maitre CL, Qiu Y, Kurland IJ, Shapiro IM, Philp NJ, Risbud MV. Lactate Efflux from Intervertebral Disc Cells is Required for Maintenance of Spine Health. J Bone Miner Res. 2019 Nov 06. PMID: 31692093.
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    16. Choi H, Madhu V, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Nucleus pulposus primary cilia alter their length in response to changes in extracellular osmolarity but do not control TonEBP-mediated osmoregulation. Sci Rep. 2019 Oct 29; 9(1):15469. PMID: 31664118.
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    17. Gilbertie JM, Schnabel LV, Hickok NJ, Jacob ME, Conlon BP, Shapiro IM, Parvizi J, Schaer TP. Equine or porcine synovial fluid as a novel ex vivo model for the study of bacterial free-floating biofilms that form in human joint infections. PLoS One. 2019; 14(8):e0221012. PMID: 31415623.
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    18. Tessier S, Madhu V, Johnson ZI, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. NFAT5/TonEBP controls early acquisition of notochord phenotypic markers, collagen composition, and sonic hedgehog signaling during mouse intervertebral disc embryogenesis. Dev Biol. 2019 Jul 10. PMID: 31301300.
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    19. McBeath R, Edwards RW, O'Hara BJ, Maltenfort MG, Parks SM, Steplewski A, Osterman AL, Shapiro IM. Tendinosis develops from age- and oxygen tension-dependent modulation of Rac1 activity. Aging Cell. 2019 Apr 02; e12934. PMID: 30938056.
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    20. Gorth DJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. A new understanding of the role of IL-1 in age-related intervertebral disc degeneration in a murine model. J Bone Miner Res. 2019 Mar 15. PMID: 30875127.
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    21. Novais EJ, Diekman BO, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. p16Ink4a deletion in cells of the intervertebral disc affects their matrix homeostasis and senescence associated secretory phenotype without altering onset of senescence. Matrix Biol. 2019 Feb 24. PMID: 30811968.
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    22. Gorth DJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Transgenic mice overexpressing human TNF-a experience early onset spontaneous intervertebral disc herniation in the absence of overt degeneration. Cell Death Dis. 2018 Dec 18; 10(1):7. PMID: 30584238.
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    23. Pan H, Strickland A, Madhu V, Johnson ZI, Chand SN, Brody JR, Fertala A, Zheng Z, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. RNA binding protein HuR regulates extracellular matrix gene expression and pH homeostasis independent of controlling HIF-1a signaling in nucleus pulposus cells. Matrix Biol. 2018 Aug 07. PMID: 30092282.
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    24. Choi H, Chaiyamongkol W, Doolittle AC, Johnson ZI, Gogate SS, Schoepflin ZR, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. COX-2 expression mediated by calcium-TonEBP signaling axis under hyperosmotic conditions serves osmoprotective function in nucleus pulposus Cells. J Biol Chem. 2018 Apr 26. PMID: 29700115.
      Citations:    
    25. Choi H, Tessier S, Silagi ES, Kyada R, Yousefi F, Pleshko N, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. A novel mouse model of intervertebral disc degeneration shows altered cell fate and matrix homeostasis. Matrix Biol. 2018 Mar 29. PMID: 29605718.
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    26. Silagi ES, Batista P, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Expression of Carbonic Anhydrase III, a Nucleus Pulposus Phenotypic Marker, is Hypoxia-responsive and Confers Protection from Oxidative Stress-induced Cell Death. Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 20; 8(1):4856. PMID: 29559661.
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    27. Silagi ES, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the nucleus pulposus: Dysregulation and the pathogenesis of disc degeneration. Matrix Biol. 2018 Mar 01. PMID: 29501510.
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    28. Silagi ES, Schoepflin ZR, Seifert EL, Merceron C, Schipani E, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Bicarbonate Recycling by HIF-1-Dependent Carbonic Anhydrase Isoforms 9 and 12 Is Critical in Maintaining Intracellular pH and Viability of Nucleus Pulposus Cells. J Bone Miner Res. 2018 Feb; 33(2):338-355. PMID: 28940640.
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    29. Johnson ZI, Doolittle AC, Snuggs JW, Shapiro IM, Le Maitre CL, Risbud MV. TNF-a promotes nuclear enrichment of the transcription factor TonEBP/NFAT5 to selectively control inflammatory but not osmoregulatory responses in nucleus pulposus cells. J Biol Chem. 2017 10 20; 292(42):17561-17575. PMID: 28842479.
      Citations:    
    30. Liu C, Choi H, Johnson ZI, Tian J, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Lack of evidence for involvement of TonEBP and hyperosmotic stimulus in induction of autophagy in the nucleus pulposus. Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 03; 7(1):4543. PMID: 28674405.
      Citations:    
    31. Schoepflin ZR, Silagi ES, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. PHD3 is a transcriptional coactivator of HIF-1a in nucleus pulposus cells independent of the PKM2-JMJD5 axis. FASEB J. 2017 May 11. PMID: 28495754.
      Citations:    
    32. Johnson ZI, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. RNA sequencing reveals a role of TonEBP in regulation of pro-inflammatory genes in response to hyperosmolarity in healthy nucleus pulposus cells: A homeostatic response? J Biol Chem. 2016 Nov 8. PMID: 27875309.
      Citations:    
    33. Choi H, Merceron C, Mangiavini L, Seifert EL, Schipani E, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Hypoxia promotes noncanonical autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells independent of MTOR and HIF1A signaling. Autophagy. 2016 Sep; 12(9):1631-46. PMID: 27314664.
      Citations:    
    34. Bahney CS, Bruder SP, Cain JD, Keyak JH, Killian ML, Shapiro IM, Jones LC. Accelerating the pace of discovery in orthopaedic research: A vision toward team science. J Orthop Res. 2016 Oct; 34(10):1673-1679. PMID: 27219218.
      Citations:    
    35. Suyama K, Silagi ES, Choi H, Sakabe K, Mochida J, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Circadian factors BMAL1 and RORa control HIF-1a transcriptional activity in nucleus pulposus cells: implications in maintenance of intervertebral disc health. Oncotarget. 2016 Apr 26; 7(17):23056-71. PMID: 27049729.
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    36. Schoepflin ZR, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Class I and IIa HDACs Mediate HIF-1a Stability Through PHD2-Dependent Mechanism, While HDAC6, a Class IIb Member, Promotes HIF-1a Transcriptional Activity in Nucleus Pulposus Cells of the Intervertebral Disc. J Bone Miner Res. 2016 Jun; 31(6):1287-99. PMID: 26765925.
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    37. Binch AL, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Syndecan-4 in intervertebral disc and cartilage: Saint or synner? Matrix Biol. 2016 May-Jul; 52-54:355-62. PMID: 26796346.
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    38. Klionsky DJ, Abdelmohsen K, Abe A, Abedin MJ, Abeliovich H, Acevedo Arozena A, Adachi H, Adams CM, Adams PD, Adeli K, Adhihetty PJ, Adler SG, Agam G, Agarwal R, Aghi MK, Agnello M, Agostinis P, Aguilar PV, Aguirre-Ghiso J, Airoldi EM, Ait-Si-Ali S, Akematsu T, Akporiaye ET, Al-Rubeai M, Albaiceta GM, Albanese C, Albani D, Albert ML, Aldudo J, Algül H, Alirezaei M, Alloza I, Almasan A, Almonte-Beceril M, Alnemri ES, Alonso C, Altan-Bonnet N, Altieri DC, Alvarez S, Alvarez-Erviti L, Alves S, Amadoro G, Amano A, Amantini C, Ambrosio S, Amelio I, Amer AO, Amessou M, Amon A, An Z, Anania FA, Andersen SU, Andley UP, Andreadi CK, Andrieu-Abadie N, Anel A, Ann DK, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Antonioli M, Aoki H, Apostolova N, Aquila S, Aquilano K, Araki K, Arama E, Aranda A, Araya J, Arcaro A, Arias E, Arimoto H, Ariosa AR, Armstrong JL, Arnould T, Arsov I, Asanuma K, Askanas V, Asselin E, Atarashi R, Atherton SS, Atkin JD, Attardi LD, Auberger P, Auburger G, Aurelian L, Autelli R, Avagliano L, Avantaggiati ML, Avrahami L, Awale S, Azad N, Bachetti T, Backer JM, Bae DH, Bae JS, Bae ON, Bae SH, Baehrecke EH, Baek SH, Baghdiguian S, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Bai H, Bai J, Bai XY, Bailly Y, Balaji KN, Balduini W, Ballabio A, Balzan R, Banerjee R, Bánhegyi G, Bao H, Barbeau B, Barrachina MD, Barreiro E, Bartel B, Bartolomé A, Bassham DC, Bassi MT, Bast RC, Basu A, Batista MT, Batoko H, Battino M, Bauckman K, Baumgarner BL, Bayer KU, Beale R, Beaulieu JF, Beck GR, Becker C, Beckham JD, Bédard PA, Bednarski PJ, Begley TJ, Behl C, Behrends C, Behrens GM, Behrns KE, Bejarano E, Belaid A, Belleudi F, Bénard G, Berchem G, Bergamaschi D, Bergami M, Berkhout B, Berliocchi L, Bernard A, Bernard M, Bernassola F, Bertolotti A, Bess AS, Besteiro S, Bettuzzi S, Bhalla S, Bhattacharyya S, Bhutia SK, Biagosch C, Bianchi MW, Biard-Piechaczyk M, Billes V, Bincoletto C, Bingol B, Bird SW, Bitoun M, Bjedov I, Blackstone C, Blanc L, Blanco GA, Blomhoff HK, Boada-Romero E, Böckler S, Boes M, Boesze-Battaglia K, Boise LH, Bolino A, Boman A, Bonaldo P, Bordi M, Bosch J, Botana LM, Botti J, Bou G, Bouché M, Bouchecareilh M, Boucher MJ, Boulton ME, Bouret SG, Boya P, Boyer-Guittaut M, Bozhkov PV, Brady N, Braga VM, Brancolini C, Braus GH, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Brennan LA, Bresnick EH, Brest P, Bridges D, Bringer MA, Brini M, Brito GC, Brodin B, Brookes PS, Brown EJ, Brown K, Broxmeyer HE, Bruhat A, Brum PC, Brumell JH, Brunetti-Pierri N, Bryson-Richardson RJ, Buch S, Buchan AM, Budak H, Bulavin DV, Bultman SJ, Bultynck G, Bumbasirevic V, Burelle Y, Burke RE, Burmeister M, Bütikofer P, Caberlotto L, Cadwell K, Cahova M, Cai D, Cai J, Cai Q, Calatayud S, Camougrand N, Campanella M, Campbell GR, Campbell M, Campello S, Candau R, Caniggia I, Cantoni L, Cao L, Caplan AB, Caraglia M, Cardinali C, Cardoso SM, Carew JS, Carleton LA, Carlin CR, Carloni S, Carlsson SR, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Carneiro LA, Carnevali O, Carra S, Carrier A, Carroll B, Casas C, Casas J, Cassinelli G, Castets P, Castro-Obregon S, Cavallini G, Ceccherini I, Cecconi F, Cederbaum AI, Ceña V, Cenci S, Cerella C, Cervia D, Cetrullo S, Chaachouay H, Chae HJ, Chagin AS, Chai CY, Chakrabarti G, Chamilos G, Chan EY, Chan MT, Chandra D, Chandra P, Chang CP, Chang RC, Chang TY, Chatham JC, Chatterjee S, Chauhan S, Che Y, Cheetham ME, Cheluvappa R, Chen CJ, Chen G, Chen GC, Chen G, Chen H, Chen JW, Chen JK, Chen M, Chen M, Chen P, Chen Q, Chen Q, Chen SD, Chen S, Chen SS, Chen W, Chen WJ, Chen WQ, Chen W, Chen X, Chen YH, Chen YG, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen YJ, Chen YQ, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chen Z, Cheng A, Cheng CH, Cheng H, Cheong H, Cherry S, Chesney J, Cheung CH, Chevet E, Chi HC, Chi SG, Chiacchiera F, Chiang HL, Chiarelli R, Chiariello M, Chieppa M, Chin LS, Chiong M, Chiu GN, Cho DH, Cho SG, Cho WC, Cho YY, Cho YS, Choi AM, Choi EJ, Choi EK, Choi J, Choi ME, Choi SI, Chou TF, Chouaib S, Choubey D, Choubey V, Chow KC, Chowdhury K, Chu CT, Chuang TH, Chun T, Chung H, Chung T, Chung YL, Chwae YJ, Cianfanelli V, et al. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition). Autophagy. 2016; 12(1):1-222. PMID: 26799652.
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    39. Tian Y, Yuan W, Li J, Wang H, Hunt MG, Liu C, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. TGFß regulates Galectin-3 expression through canonical Smad3 signaling pathway in nucleus pulposus cells: implications in intervertebral disc degeneration. Matrix Biol. 2016 Mar; 50:39-52. PMID: 26639428.
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    40. Gorth DJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Discovery of the drivers of inflammation induced chronic low back pain: from bacteria to diabetes. Discov Med. 2015 Oct; 20(110):177-84. PMID: 26562470.
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    41. Dastgheyb SS, Toorkey CB, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ. Porphyrin-adsorbed Allograft Bone: A Photoactive, Antibiofilm Surface. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015 Sep; 473(9):2865-73. PMID: 25894811.
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    42. Johnson ZI, Gogate SS, Day R, Binch A, Markova DZ, Chiverton N, Cole A, Conner M, Shapiro IM, Le Maitre CL, Risbud MV. Aquaporin 1 and 5 expression decreases during human intervertebral disc degeneration: Novel HIF-1-mediated regulation of aquaporins in NP cells. Oncotarget. 2015 May 20; 6(14):11945-58. PMID: 25844601.
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    43. Yang Y, Blair HC, Shapiro IM, Wang B. The Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib Suppresses Parathyroid Hormone-induced Osteoclastogenesis through a RANKL-mediated Signaling Pathway. J Biol Chem. 2015 Jul 3; 290(27):16918-28. PMID: 25979341.
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    44. Shapiro IM, Landis WJ, Risbud MV. Matrix vesicles: Are they anchored exosomes? Bone. 2015 Oct; 79:29-36. PMID: 25980744.
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    45. Parvizi J, Alijanipour P, Barberi EF, Hickok NJ, Phillips KS, Shapiro IM, Schwarz EM, Stevens MH, Wang Y, Shirtliff ME. Novel developments in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periprosthetic joint infections. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015 Apr; 23 Suppl:S32-43. PMID: 25808968.
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    46. Florschutz AV, Parsley BS, Shapiro IM. Capturing orthopaedic surgical site infection data and assessing dental recommendations with respect to total joint arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015 Apr; 23 Suppl:S55-9. PMID: 25808970.
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    47. Li J, Yuan W, Jiang S, Ye W, Yang H, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase Domain Protein 2 Controls NF-?B/p65 Transactivation and Enhances the Catabolic Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines on Cells of the Nucleus Pulposus. J Biol Chem. 2015 Mar 13; 290(11):7195-207. PMID: 25635047.
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    48. Dastgheyb SS, Hammoud S, Ketonis C, Liu AY, Fitzgerald K, Parvizi J, Purtill J, Ciccotti M, Shapiro IM, Otto M, Hickok NJ. Staphylococcal persistence due to biofilm formation in synovial fluid containing prophylactic cefazolin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Apr; 59(4):2122-8. PMID: 25624333.
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    49. Ye W, Zhou J, Markova DZ, Tian Y, Li J, Anderson DG, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Xylosyltransferase-1 Expression Is Refractory to Inhibition by the Inflammatory Cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor a and IL-1ß in Nucleus Pulposus Cells: Novel Regulation by AP-1, Sp1, and Sp3. Am J Pathol. 2015 Feb; 185(2):485-95. PMID: 25476526.
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    50. Davidson H, Poon M, Saunders R, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ, Adams CS. Tetracycline tethered to titanium inhibits colonization by Gram-negative bacteria. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2015 Oct; 103(7):1381-9. PMID: 25389082.
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    51. Merceron C, Mangiavini L, Robling A, Wilson TL, Giaccia AJ, Shapiro IM, Schipani E, Risbud MV. Loss of HIF-1a in the Notochord Results in Cell Death and Complete Disappearance of the Nucleus Pulposus. PLoS One. 2014; 9(10):e110768. PMID: 25338007.
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    52. Dastgheyb S, Parvizi J, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ, Otto M. Effect of biofilms on recalcitrance of staphylococcal joint infection to antibiotic treatment. J Infect Dis. 2015 Feb 15; 211(4):641-50. PMID: 25214518.
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    53. Johnson ZI, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Extracellular osmolarity regulates matrix homeostasis in the intervertebral disc and articular cartilage: evolving role of TonEBP. Matrix Biol. 2014 Nov; 40:10-6. PMID: 25172826.
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    54. Hirose Y, Johnson ZI, Schoepflin ZR, Markova DZ, Chiba K, Toyama Y, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. FIH-1-Mint3 axis does not control HIF-1 transcriptional activity in nucleus pulposus cells. J Biol Chem. 2014 Jul 25; 289(30):20594-605. PMID: 24867948.
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    55. Wang X, Wang H, Yang H, Li J, Cai Q, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Tumor Necrosis Factor-a- and Interleukin-1ß-Dependent Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Expression in Nucleus Pulposus Cells Requires Cooperative Signaling via Syndecan 4 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-NF-?B Axis: Implications in Inflammatory Disc Disease. Am J Pathol. 2014 Sep; 184(9):2560-72. PMID: 25063530.
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    56. Fujita N, Hirose Y, Tran CM, Chiba K, Miyamoto T, Toyama Y, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. HIF-1-PHD2 axis controls expression of syndecan 4 in nucleus pulposus cells. FASEB J. 2014 Jun; 28(6):2455-65. PMID: 24558194.
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    57. Tran CM, Schoepflin ZR, Markova DZ, Kepler CK, Anderson DG, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. CCN2 Suppresses Catabolic Effects of Interleukin-1ß through a5ß1 and aVß3 Integrins in Nucleus Pulposus Cells: IMPLICATIONS IN INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION. J Biol Chem. 2014 Mar 14; 289(11):7374-87. PMID: 24464580.
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    58. Diaz-Ledezma C, Parvizi J, Zhou Y, Antoci V, Ducheyne P, Freiberg A, Rangel GG, Han SB, Hickok N, Higuera C, Ketonis C, Korkusuz F, Kruczynski J, Macule F, Markuszewski J, Marín-Peña O, Nathwani D, Noble P, Ong K, Ono N, Parvizi MS, Post Z, Rivero-Boschert S, Schaer T, Shapiro I. Prosthesis selection. J Orthop Res. 2014 Jan; 32 Suppl 1:S90-7. PMID: 24464902.
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    59. Diaz-Ledezma C, Parvizi J, Zhou Y, Antoci V, Ducheyne P, Freiberg A, Garcia Rangel G, Han SB, Hickok N, Higuera C, Ketonis C, Korkusuz F, Kruczynski J, Macule F, Markuszewski J, Marín-Peña O, Nathwani D, Noble P, Ong K, Ono N, Parvizi MS, Post Z, Rivero-Boschert S, Schaer T, Shapiro I. Prosthesis selection. J Arthroplasty. 2014 Feb; 29(2 Suppl):71-6. PMID: 24360496.
      Citations:    
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    61. Risbud MV, Shapiro IM. Role of cytokines in intervertebral disc degeneration: pain and disc content. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2014 Jan; 10(1):44-56. PMID: 24166242.
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    62. Tian Y, Yuan W, Fujita N, Wang J, Wang H, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Inflammatory Cytokines Associated with Degenerative Disc Disease Control Aggrecanase-1 (ADAMTS-4) Expression in Nucleus Pulposus Cells through MAPK and NF-?B. Am J Pathol. 2013 Jun; 182(6):2310-21. PMID: 23602832.
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    63. Wang H, Tian Y, Wang J, Phillips KL, Binch AL, Dunn S, Cross A, Chiverton N, Zheng Z, Shapiro IM, Le Maitre CL, Risbud MV. Inflammatory Cytokines Induce NOTCH Signaling in Nucleus Pulposus Cells: IMPLICATIONS IN INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION. J Biol Chem. 2013 Jun 7; 288(23):16761-74. PMID: 23589286.
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    64. Tran CM, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Molecular regulation of CCN2 in the intervertebral disc: Lessons learned from other connective tissues. Matrix Biol. 2013 Aug 8; 32(6):298-306. PMID: 23567513.
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    65. Tran CM, Fujita N, Huang BL, Ong JR, Lyons KM, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Hypoxia-inducible Factor (HIF)-1a and CCN2 Form a Regulatory Circuit in Hypoxic Nucleus Pulposus Cells: CCN2 SUPPRESSES HIF-1a LEVEL AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY. J Biol Chem. 2013 May 3; 288(18):12654-66. PMID: 23530034.
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    66. Wang J, Tian Y, Phillips KL, Chiverton N, Haddock G, Bunning RA, Cross AK, Shapiro IM, Le Maitre CL, Risbud MV. Tumor necrosis factor a- and interleukin-1ß-dependent induction of CCL3 expression by nucleus pulposus cells promotes macrophage migration through CCR1. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Mar; 65(3):832-42. PMID: 23233369.
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    67. McIlhenny S, Zhang P, Tulenko T, Comeau J, Fernandez S, Policha A, Ferroni M, Faul E, Bagameri G, Shapiro I, DiMuzio P. eNOS transfection of adipose-derived stem cells yields bioactive nitric oxide production and improved results in vascular tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2015 Nov; 9(11):1277-85. PMID: 23319464.
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    68. Markova DZ, Kepler CK, Addya S, Murray HB, Vaccaro AR, Shapiro IM, Anderson DG, Albert TJ, Risbud MV. An organ culture system to model early degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc II: profiling global gene expression changes. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013; 15(5):R121. PMID: 24171898.
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    69. Wu Q, Wang J, Skubutyte R, Kepler CK, Huang Z, Anderson DG, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Smad3 controls ß-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase 1 expression in rat nucleus pulposus cells: implications of dysregulated expression in disc disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Oct; 64(10):3324-33. PMID: 22674034.
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    70. Fujita N, Gogate SS, Chiba K, Toyama Y, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Prolyl Hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) Modulates Catabolic Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a) on Cells of the Nucleus Pulposus through Co-activation of Nuclear Factor ?B (NF-?B)/p65 Signaling. J Biol Chem. 2012 Nov 16; 287(47):39942-53. PMID: 22948157.
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    71. Stewart S, Barr S, Engiles J, Hickok NJ, Shapiro IM, Richardson DW, Parvizi J, Schaer TP. Vancomycin-modified implant surface inhibits biofilm formation and supports bone-healing in an infected osteotomy model in sheep: a proof-of-concept study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012 Aug 1; 94(15):1406-15. PMID: 22854994.
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    72. Gogate SS, Fujita N, Skubutyte R, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Tonicity enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) coordinate heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in hypoxic nucleus pulposus cells: role of Hsp70 in HIF-1a degradation. J Bone Miner Res. 2012 May; 27(5):1106-17. PMID: 22322648.
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    73. Liu Q, Limthongkul W, Sidhu G, Zhang J, Vaccaro A, Shenck R, Hickok N, Shapiro I, Freeman T. Covalent attachment of P15 peptide to titanium surfaces enhances cell attachment, spreading, and osteogenic gene expression. J Orthop Res. 2012 Oct; 30(10):1626-33. PMID: 22504956.
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    74. Hickok NJ, Shapiro IM. Immobilized antibiotics to prevent orthopaedic implant infections. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012 Sep; 64(12):1165-76. PMID: 22512927.
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    78. Shapiro IM, Vresilovic EJ, Risbud MV. Is the spinal motion segment a diarthrodial polyaxial joint: what a nice nucleus like you doing in a joint like this? Bone. 2012 Mar; 50(3):771-6. PMID: 22197996.
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    79. Ponnappan RK, Markova DZ, Antonio PJ, Murray HB, Vaccaro AR, Shapiro IM, Anderson DG, Albert TJ, Risbud MV. An organ culture system to model early degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011; 13(5):R171. PMID: 22018279.
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    80. Tran CM, Smith HE, Symes A, Rittié L, Perbal B, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Transforming growth factor ß controls CCN3 expression in nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Oct; 63(10):3022-31. PMID: 21618206.
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    81. Wang J, Markova D, Anderson DG, Zheng Z, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. TNF-a and IL-1ß promote a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I motif-5-mediated aggrecan degradation through syndecan-4 in intervertebral disc. J Biol Chem. 2011 Nov 18; 286(46):39738-49. PMID: 21949132.
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    83. Zahm AM, Bohensky J, Adams CS, Shapiro IM, Srinivas V. Bone cell autophagy is regulated by environmental factors. Cells Tissues Organs. 2011; 194(2-4):274-8. PMID: 21597271.
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    84. Hiyama A, Skubutyte R, Markova D, Anderson DG, Yadla S, Sakai D, Mochida J, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Hypoxia activates the notch signaling pathway in cells of the intervertebral disc: implications in degenerative disc disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 May; 63(5):1355-64. PMID: 21305512.
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    86. Ketonis C, Barr S, Adams CS, Shapiro IM, Parvizi J, Hickok NJ. Vancomycin bonded to bone grafts prevents bacterial colonization. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Feb; 55(2):487-94. PMID: 21098245.
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    87. Ketonis C, Barr S, Shapiro IM, Parvizi J, Adams CS, Hickok NJ. Antibacterial activity of bone allografts: comparison of a new vancomycin-tethered allograft with allograft loaded with adsorbed vancomycin. Bone. 2011 Mar 1; 48(3):631-8. PMID: 21035576.
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    88. Skubutyte R, Markova D, Freeman TA, Anderson DG, Dion AS, Williams CJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Hypoxia-inducible factor regulation of ANK expression in nucleus pulposus cells: possible implications in controlling dystrophic mineralization in the intervertebral disc. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Sep; 62(9):2707-15. PMID: 20496369.
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    90. Zahm AM, Bucaro MA, Ayyaswamy PS, Srinivas V, Shapiro IM, Adams CS, Mukundakrishnan K. Numerical modeling of oxygen distributions in cortical and cancellous bone: oxygen availability governs osteonal and trabecular dimensions. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Nov; 299(5):C922-9. PMID: 20660162.
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    91. Tran CM, Markova D, Smith HE, Susarla B, Ponnappan RK, Anderson DG, Symes A, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Regulation of CCN2/connective tissue growth factor expression in the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc: role of Smad and activator protein 1 signaling. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Jul; 62(7):1983-92. PMID: 20222112.
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    92. Ketonis C, Adams CS, Barr S, Aiyer A, Shapiro IM, Parvizi J, Hickok NJ. Antibiotic modification of native grafts: improving upon nature's scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Jun; 16(6):2041-9. PMID: 20109017.
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    93. Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Transcriptional profiling of the nucleus pulposus: say yes to notochord. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010; 12(3):117. PMID: 20497604.
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    94. Hiyama A, Gogate SS, Gajghate S, Mochida J, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. BMP-2 and TGF-beta stimulate expression of beta1,3-glucuronosyl transferase 1 (GlcAT-1) in nucleus pulposus cells through AP1, TonEBP, and Sp1: role of MAPKs. J Bone Miner Res. 2010 May; 25(5):1179-90. PMID: 19961337.
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    95. Saraiya M, Nasser R, Zeng Y, Addya S, Ponnappan RK, Fortina P, Anderson DG, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Reversine enhances generation of progenitor-like cells by dedifferentiation of annulus fibrosus cells. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Apr; 16(4):1443-55. PMID: 19947906.
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    96. Price J, Zaidi AK, Bohensky J, Srinivas V, Shapiro IM, Ali H. Akt-1 mediates survival of chondrocytes from endoplasmic reticulum-induced stress. J Cell Physiol. 2010 Mar; 222(3):502-8. PMID: 20020442.
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    98. McIlhenny SE, Hager ES, Grabo DJ, DiMatteo C, Shapiro IM, Tulenko TN, DiMuzio PJ. Linear shear conditioning improves vascular graft retention of adipose-derived stem cells by upregulation of the alpha5beta1 integrin. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Jan; 16(1):245-55. PMID: 19698069.
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    99. Cheng CC, Uchiyama Y, Hiyama A, Gajghate S, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. PI3K/AKT regulates aggrecan gene expression by modulating Sox9 expression and activity in nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc. J Cell Physiol. 2009 Dec; 221(3):668-76. PMID: 19711351.
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    100. Bohensky J, Leshinsky S, Srinivas V, Shapiro IM. Chondrocyte autophagy is stimulated by HIF-1 dependent AMPK activation and mTOR suppression. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010 Apr; 25(4):633-42. PMID: 19830459.
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    101. Adams CS, Antoci V, Harrison G, Patal P, Freeman TA, Shapiro IM, Parvizi J, Hickok NJ, Radin S, Ducheyne P. Controlled release of vancomycin from thin sol-gel films on implant surfaces successfully controls osteomyelitis. J Orthop Res. 2009 Jun; 27(6):701-9. PMID: 19051247.
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    102. Gajghate S, Hiyama A, Shah M, Sakai D, Anderson DG, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Osmolarity and intracellular calcium regulate aquaporin2 expression through TonEBP in nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc. J Bone Miner Res. 2009 Jun; 24(6):992-1001. PMID: 19138132.
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    103. Freeman TA, Patel P, Parvizi J, Antoci V, Shapiro IM. Micro-CT analysis with multiple thresholds allows detection of bone formation and resorption during ultrasound-treated fracture healing. J Orthop Res. 2009 May; 27(5):673-9. PMID: 19016539.
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    104. Denison TA, Koch CF, Shapiro IM, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Inorganic phosphate modulates responsiveness to 24,25(OH)2D3 in chondrogenic ATDC5 cells. J Cell Biochem. 2009 May 1; 107(1):155-62. PMID: 19288498.
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    107. Ketonis C, Parvizi J, Adams CS, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ. Topographic features retained after antibiotic modification of Ti alloy surfaces: retention of topography with attachment of antibiotics. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009 Jul; 467(7):1678-87. PMID: 19365697.
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    108. Srinivas V, Bohensky J, Zahm AM, Shapiro IM. Autophagy in mineralizing tissues: microenvironmental perspectives. Cell Cycle. 2009 Feb 1; 8(3):391-3. PMID: 19177014.
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    109. Hiyama A, Gajghate S, Sakai D, Mochida J, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Activation of TonEBP by calcium controls {beta}1,3-glucuronosyltransferase-I expression, a key regulator of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cells of the intervertebral disc. J Biol Chem. 2009 Apr 10; 284(15):9824-34. PMID: 19147493.
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    110. Agrawal A, Gajghate S, Smith H, Anderson DG, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Cited2 modulates hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in nucleus pulposus cells of the rat intervertebral disc. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Dec; 58(12):3798-808. PMID: 19035510.
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    111. Uchiyama Y, Guttapalli A, Gajghate S, Mochida J, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. SMAD3 functions as a transcriptional repressor of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) in nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc. J Bone Miner Res. 2008 Oct; 23(10):1619-28. PMID: 18466073.
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    112. Antoci V, Adams CS, Parvizi J, Davidson HM, Composto RJ, Freeman TA, Wickstrom E, Ducheyne P, Jungkind D, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ. The inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation by vancomycin-modified titanium alloy and implications for the treatment of periprosthetic infection. Biomaterials. 2008 Dec; 29(35):4684-90. PMID: 18814909.
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    113. Srinivas V, Bohensky J, Shapiro IM. Autophagy: a new phase in the maturation of growth plate chondrocytes is regulated by HIF, mTOR and AMP kinase. Cells Tissues Organs. 2009; 189(1-4):88-92. PMID: 18703865.
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    114. Watanabe H, Bohensky J, Freeman T, Srinivas V, Shapiro IM. Hypoxic induction of UCP3 in the growth plate: UCP3 suppresses chondrocyte autophagy. J Cell Physiol. 2008 Aug; 216(2):419-25. PMID: 18288636.
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    115. Fischer LJ, McIlhenny S, Tulenko T, Golesorkhi N, Zhang P, Larson R, Lombardi J, Shapiro I, DiMuzio PJ. Endothelial differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells: effects of endothelial cell growth supplement and shear force. J Surg Res. 2009 Mar; 152(1):157-66. PMID: 19883577.
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    116. Zahm AM, Bucaro MA, Srinivas V, Shapiro IM, Adams CS. Oxygen tension regulates preosteocyte maturation and mineralization. Bone. 2008 Jul; 43(1):25-31. PMID: 18485858.
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    117. Zeng Y, Danielson KG, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. HIF-1 alpha is a regulator of galectin-3 expression in the intervertebral disc. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Dec; 22(12):1851-61. PMID: 17592963.
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    118. Uchiyama Y, Cheng CC, Danielson KG, Mochida J, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Expression of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) in nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc is regulated by p75NTR and ERK signaling. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Dec; 22(12):1996-2006. PMID: 17696763.
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    119. Klionsky DJ, Abeliovich H, Agostinis P, Agrawal DK, Aliev G, Askew DS, Baba M, Baehrecke EH, Bahr BA, Ballabio A, Bamber BA, Bassham DC, Bergamini E, Bi X, Biard-Piechaczyk M, Blum JS, Bredesen DE, Brodsky JL, Brumell JH, Brunk UT, Bursch W, Camougrand N, Cebollero E, Cecconi F, Chen Y, Chin LS, Choi A, Chu CT, Chung J, Clarke PG, Clark RS, Clarke SG, Clavé C, Cleveland JL, Codogno P, Colombo MI, Coto-Montes A, Cregg JM, Cuervo AM, Debnath J, Demarchi F, Dennis PB, Dennis PA, Deretic V, Devenish RJ, Di Sano F, Dice JF, Difiglia M, Dinesh-Kumar S, Distelhorst CW, Djavaheri-Mergny M, Dorsey FC, Dröge W, Dron M, Dunn WA, Duszenko M, Eissa NT, Elazar Z, Esclatine A, Eskelinen EL, Fésüs L, Finley KD, Fuentes JM, Fueyo J, Fujisaki K, Galliot B, Gao FB, Gewirtz DA, Gibson SB, Gohla A, Goldberg AL, Gonzalez R, González-Estévez C, Gorski S, Gottlieb RA, Häussinger D, He YW, Heidenreich K, Hill JA, Høyer-Hansen M, Hu X, Huang WP, Iwasaki A, Jäättelä M, Jackson WT, Jiang X, Jin S, Johansen T, Jung JU, Kadowaki M, Kang C, Kelekar A, Kessel DH, Kiel JA, Kim HP, Kimchi A, Kinsella TJ, Kiselyov K, Kitamoto K, Knecht E, Komatsu M, Kominami E, Kondo S, Kovács AL, Kroemer G, Kuan CY, Kumar R, Kundu M, Landry J, Laporte M, Le W, Lei HY, Lenardo MJ, Levine B, Lieberman A, Lim KL, Lin FC, Liou W, Liu LF, Lopez-Berestein G, López-Otín C, Lu B, Macleod KF, Malorni W, Martinet W, Matsuoka K, Mautner J, Meijer AJ, Meléndez A, Michels P, Miotto G, Mistiaen WP, Mizushima N, Mograbi B, Monastyrska I, Moore MN, Moreira PI, Moriyasu Y, Motyl T, Münz C, Murphy LO, Naqvi NI, Neufeld TP, Nishino I, Nixon RA, Noda T, Nürnberg B, Ogawa M, Oleinick NL, Olsen LJ, Ozpolat B, Paglin S, Palmer GE, Papassideri I, Parkes M, Perlmutter DH, Perry G, Piacentini M, Pinkas-Kramarski R, Prescott M, Proikas-Cezanne T, Raben N, Rami A, Reggiori F, Rohrer B, Rubinsztein DC, Ryan KM, Sadoshima J, Sakagami H, Sakai Y, Sandri M, Sasakawa C, Sass M, Schneider C, Seglen PO, Seleverstov O, Settleman J, Shacka JJ, Shapiro IM, Sibirny A, Silva-Zacarin EC, Simon HU, Simone C, Simonsen A, Smith MA, Spanel-Borowski K, Srinivas V, Steeves M, Stenmark H, Stromhaug PE, Subauste CS, Sugimoto S, Sulzer D, Suzuki T, Swanson MS, Tabas I, Takeshita F, Talbot NJ, Tallóczy Z, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Tanida I, Taylor GS, Taylor JP, Terman A, Tettamanti G, Thompson CB, Thumm M, Tolkovsky AM, Tooze SA, Truant R, Tumanovska LV, Uchiyama Y, Ueno T, Uzcátegui NL, van der Klei I, Vaquero EC, Vellai T, Vogel MW, Wang HG, Webster P, Wiley JW, Xi Z, Xiao G, Yahalom J, Yang JM, Yap G, Yin XM, Yoshimori T, Yu L, Yue Z, Yuzaki M, Zabirnyk O, Zheng X, Zhu X, Deter RL. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes. Autophagy. 2008 Feb; 4(2):151-75. PMID: 18188003.
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    120. Risbud MV, Guttapalli A, Tsai TT, Lee JY, Danielson KG, Vaccaro AR, Albert TJ, Gazit Z, Gazit D, Shapiro IM. Evidence for skeletal progenitor cells in the degenerate human intervertebral disc. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007 Nov 1; 32(23):2537-44. PMID: 17978651.
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    121. Bohensky J, Shapiro IM, Leshinsky S, Watanabe H, Srinivas V. PIM-2 is an independent regulator of chondrocyte survival and autophagy in the epiphyseal growth plate. J Cell Physiol. 2007 Oct; 213(1):246-51. PMID: 17476689.
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    122. Antoci V, Adams CS, Hickok NJ, Shapiro IM, Parvizi J. Antibiotics for local delivery systems cause skeletal cell toxicity in vitro. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007 Sep; 462:200-6. PMID: 17572634.
      Citations:    
    123. Antoci V, Adams CS, Parvizi J, Ducheyne P, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ. Covalently attached vancomycin provides a nanoscale antibacterial surface. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007 Aug; 461:81-7. PMID: 17549031.
      Citations:    
    124. Antoci V, Adams CS, Hickok NJ, Shapiro IM, Parvizi J. Vancomycin bound to Ti rods reduces periprosthetic infection: preliminary study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007 Aug; 461:88-95. PMID: 17549034.
      Citations:    
    125. Tsai TT, Guttapalli A, Agrawal A, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. MEK/ERK signaling controls osmoregulation of nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc by transactivation of TonEBP/OREBP. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Jul; 22(7):965-74. PMID: 17371162.
      Citations:    
    126. Antoci V, King SB, Jose B, Parvizi J, Zeiger AR, Wickstrom E, Freeman TA, Composto RJ, Ducheyne P, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ, Adams CS. Vancomycin covalently bonded to titanium alloy prevents bacterial colonization. J Orthop Res. 2007 Jul; 25(7):858-66. PMID: 17415753.
      Citations:    
    127. Silva GA, Coutinho OP, Ducheyne P, Shapiro IM, Reis RL. Starch-based microparticles as vehicles for the delivery of active platelet-derived growth factor. Tissue Eng. 2007 Jun; 13(6):1259-68. PMID: 17518721.
      Citations:    
    128. Bohensky J, Shapiro IM, Leshinsky S, Terkhorn SP, Adams CS, Srinivas V. HIF-1 regulation of chondrocyte apoptosis: induction of the autophagic pathway. Autophagy. 2007 May-Jun; 3(3):207-14. PMID: 17224629.
      Citations:    
    129. Agrawal A, Guttapalli A, Narayan S, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Normoxic stabilization of HIF-1alpha drives glycolytic metabolism and regulates aggrecan gene expression in nucleus pulposus cells of the rat intervertebral disk. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 Aug; 293(2):C621-31. PMID: 17442734.
      Citations:    
    130. Lee MH, Adams CS, Boettiger D, Degrado WF, Shapiro IM, Composto RJ, Ducheyne P. Adhesion of MC3T3-E1 cells to RGD peptides of different flanking residues: detachment strength and correlation with long-term cellular function. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2007 Apr; 81(1):150-60. PMID: 17111408.
      Citations:    
    131. Edupuganti OP, Antoci V, King SB, Jose B, Adams CS, Parvizi J, Shapiro IM, Zeiger AR, Hickok NJ, Wickstrom E. Covalent bonding of vancomycin to Ti6Al4V alloy pins provides long-term inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 May 15; 17(10):2692-6. PMID: 17369042.
      Citations:    
    132. Pucci B, Adams CS, Fertala J, Snyder BC, Mansfield KD, Tafani M, Freeman T, Shapiro IM. Development of the terminally differentiated state sensitizes epiphyseal chondrocytes to apoptosis through caspase-3 activation. J Cell Physiol. 2007 Mar; 210(3):609-15. PMID: 17133357.
      Citations:    
    133. Lee DC, Adams CS, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM, Evans SM, Koch CJ. In situ oxygen utilization in the rat intervertebral disc. J Anat. 2007 Mar; 210(3):294-303. PMID: 17331178.
      Citations:    
    134. Tsai TT, Guttapalli A, Oguz E, Chen LH, Vaccaro AR, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Fibroblast growth factor-2 maintains the differentiation potential of nucleus pulposus cells in vitro: implications for cell-based transplantation therapy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007 Mar 1; 32(5):495-502. PMID: 17334282.
      Citations:    
    135. Saunders R, Szymczyk KH, Shapiro IM, Adams CS. Matrix regulation of skeletal cell apoptosis III: mechanism of ion pair-induced apoptosis. J Cell Biochem. 2007 Feb 15; 100(3):703-15. PMID: 17006955.
      Citations:    
    136. Parvizi J, Antoci V, Hickok NJ, Shapiro IM. Selfprotective smart orthopedic implants. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2007 Jan; 4(1):55-64. PMID: 17187471.
      Citations:    
    137. Oguz E, Tsai TT, Di Martino A, Guttapalli A, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. Galectin-3 expression in the intervertebral disc: a useful marker of the notochord phenotype? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007 Jan 1; 32(1):9-16. PMID: 17202886.
      Citations:    
    138. Shapiro IM, Srinivas V. Metabolic consideration of epiphyseal growth: survival responses in a taxing environment. Bone. 2007 Mar; 40(3):561-7. PMID: 17157572.
      Citations:    
    139. DiMuzio P, Fischer L, McIlhenny S, DiMatteo C, Golesorhki N, Grabo D, Tarola N, Mericli A, Shapiro I, Tulenko T. Development of a tissue-engineered bypass graft seeded with stem cells. Vascular. 2006 Nov-Dec; 14(6):338-42. PMID: 17150154.
      Citations:    
    140. Silva GA, Coutinho OP, Ducheyne P, Shapiro IM, Reis RL. The effect of starch and starch-bioactive glass composite microparticles on the adhesion and expression of the osteoblastic phenotype of a bone cell line. Biomaterials. 2007 Jan; 28(2):326-34. PMID: 16876242.
      Citations:    
    141. Srinivas V, Shapiro IM. Chondrocytes embedded in the epiphyseal growth plates of long bones undergo autophagy prior to the induction of osteogenesis. Autophagy. 2006 Jul-Sep; 2(3):215-6. PMID: 16874108.
      Citations:    
    142. Tsai TT, Danielson KG, Guttapalli A, Oguz E, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM, Risbud MV. TonEBP/OREBP is a regulator of nucleus pulposus cell function and survival in the intervertebral disc. J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 1; 281(35):25416-24. PMID: 16772300.
      Citations:    
    143. Risbud MV, Guttapalli A, Stokes DG, Hawkins D, Danielson KG, Schaer TP, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM. Nucleus pulposus cells express HIF-1 alpha under normoxic culture conditions: a metabolic adaptation to the intervertebral disc microenvironment. J Cell Biochem. 2006 May 1; 98(1):152-9. PMID: 16408279.
      Citations:    
    144. Risbud MV, Di Martino A, Guttapalli A, Seghatoleslami R, Denaro V, Vaccaro AR, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM. Toward an optimum system for intervertebral disc organ culture: TGF-beta 3 enhances nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus survival and function through modulation of TGF-beta-R expression and ERK signaling. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Apr 15; 31(8):884-90. PMID: 16622376.
      Citations:    
    145. Risbud MV, Shapiro IM, Guttapalli A, Di Martino A, Danielson KG, Beiner JM, Hillibrand A, Albert TJ, Anderson DG, Vaccaro AR. Osteogenic potential of adult human stem cells of the lumbar vertebral body and the iliac crest. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Jan 1; 31(1):83-9. PMID: 16395182.
      Citations:    
    146. Shapiro IM, Adams CS, Freeman T, Srinivas V. Fate of the hypertrophic chondrocyte: microenvironmental perspectives on apoptosis and survival in the epiphyseal growth plate. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2005 Dec; 75(4):330-9. PMID: 16425255.
      Citations:    
    147. Risbud MV, Guttapalli A, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM. Hypoxia activates MAPK activity in rat nucleus pulposus cells: regulation of integrin expression and cell survival. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Nov 15; 30(22):2503-9. PMID: 16284587.
      Citations:    
    148. Anderson DG, Risbud MV, Shapiro IM, Vaccaro AR, Albert TJ. Cell-based therapy for disc repair. Spine J. 2005 Nov-Dec; 5(6 Suppl):297S-303S. PMID: 16291126.
      Citations:    
    149. Smartt JM, Karmacharya J, Gannon FH, Teixeira C, Mansfield K, Hunenko O, Shapiro IM, Kirschner RE. Intrauterine fetal constraint induces chondrocyte apoptosis and premature ossification of the cranial base. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005 Oct; 116(5):1363-9. PMID: 16217480.
      Citations:    
    150. Anderson DG, Albert TJ, Fraser JK, Risbud M, Wuisman P, Meisel HJ, Tannoury C, Shapiro I, Vaccaro AR. Cellular therapy for disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Sep 1; 30(17 Suppl):S14-9. PMID: 16138059.
      Citations:    
    151. Martin ND, Schaner PJ, Tulenko TN, Shapiro IM, Dimatteo CA, Williams TK, Hager ES, DiMuzio PJ. In vivo behavior of decellularized vein allograft. J Surg Res. 2005 Nov; 129(1):17-23. PMID: 16139306.
      Citations:    
    152. Teixeira CC, Ischiropoulos H, Leboy PS, Adams SL, Shapiro IM. Nitric oxide-nitric oxide synthase regulates key maturational events during chondrocyte terminal differentiation. Bone. 2005 Jul; 37(1):37-45. PMID: 15869914.
      Citations:    
    153. Risbud MV, Fertala J, Vresilovic EJ, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM. Nucleus pulposus cells upregulate PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signaling pathways under hypoxic conditions and resist apoptosis induced by serum withdrawal. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005 Apr 15; 30(8):882-9. PMID: 15834331.
      Citations:    
    154. Risbud MV, Albert TJ, Guttapalli A, Vresilovic EJ, Hillibrand AS, Vaccaro AR, Shapiro IM. Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells towards a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype in vitro: implications for cell-based transplantation therapy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004 Dec 1; 29(23):2627-32. PMID: 15564911.
      Citations:    
    155. Parvizi J, Wickstrom E, Zeiger AR, Adams CS, Shapiro IM, Purtill JJ, Sharkey PF, Hozack WJ, Rothman RH, Hickok NJ. Frank Stinchfield Award. Titanium surface with biologic activity against infection. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004 Dec; (429):33-8. PMID: 15577462.
      Citations:    
    156. Toworfe GK, Composto RJ, Adams CS, Shapiro IM, Ducheyne P. Fibronectin adsorption on surface-activated poly(dimethylsiloxane) and its effect on cellular function. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2004 Dec 1; 71(3):449-61. PMID: 15481053.
      Citations:    
    157. Grigoriou V, Shapiro IM, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Composto RJ, Ducheyne P, Adams CS. Apoptosis and survival of osteoblast-like cells are regulated by surface attachment. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jan 21; 280(3):1733-9. PMID: 15522882.
      Citations:    
    158. Risbud MV, Shapiro IM, Vaccaro AR, Albert TJ. Stem cell regeneration of the nucleus pulposus. Spine J. 2004 Nov-Dec; 4(6 Suppl):348S-353S. PMID: 15541688.
      Citations:    
    159. Mukundakrishnan K, Ayyaswamy PS, Risbud M, Hu HH, Shapiro IM. Modeling of phosphate ion transfer to the surface of osteoblasts under normal gravity and simulated microgravity conditions. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Nov; 1027:85-98. PMID: 15644348.
      Citations:    
    160. Schaner PJ, Martin ND, Tulenko TN, Shapiro IM, Tarola NA, Leichter RF, Carabasi RA, Dimuzio PJ. Decellularized vein as a potential scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. J Vasc Surg. 2004 Jul; 40(1):146-53. PMID: 15218475.
      Citations:    
    161. Risbud MV, Izzo MW, Adams CS, Arnold WW, Hillibrand AS, Vresilovic EJ, Vaccaro AR, Albert TJ, Shapiro IM. An organ culture system for the study of the nucleus pulposus: description of the system and evaluation of the cells. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 Dec 15; 28(24):2652-8; discussion 2658-9. PMID: 14673364.
      Citations:    
    162. Gan JC, Ducheyne P, Vresilovic EJ, Swaim W, Shapiro IM. Intervertebral disc tissue engineering I: characterization of the nucleus pulposus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003 Jun; (411):305-14. PMID: 12782889.
      Citations:    
    163. Gan JC, Ducheyne P, Vresilovic EJ, Shapiro IM. Intervertebral disc tissue engineering II: cultures of nucleus pulposus cells. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003 Jun; (411):315-24. PMID: 12782890.
      Citations:    
    164. Teixeira CC, Rajpurohit R, Mansfield K, Nemelivsky YV, Shapiro IM. Maturation-dependent thiol loss increases chondrocyte susceptibility to apoptosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2003 Apr; 18(4):662-8. PMID: 12674327.
      Citations:    
    165. Razzouk S, Shapiro IM. Detection of apoptotic gene expression in human osteoblast-like cells by cDNA microarrays. J Bone Miner Metab. 2003; 21(5):261-7. PMID: 12928826.
      Citations:    
    166. Shenker BJ, Pankoski L, Zekavat A, Shapiro IM. Mercury-induced apoptosis in human lymphocytes: caspase activation is linked to redox status. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2002 Jun; 4(3):379-89. PMID: 12215206.
      Citations:    
    167. Rajpurohit R, Risbud MV, Ducheyne P, Vresilovic EJ, Shapiro IM. Phenotypic characteristics of the nucleus pulposus: expression of hypoxia inducing factor-1, glucose transporter-1 and MMP-2. Cell Tissue Res. 2002 Jun; 308(3):401-7. PMID: 12107433.
      Citations:    
    168. Perlot RL, Shapiro IM, Mansfield K, Adams CS. Matrix regulation of skeletal cell apoptosis II: role of Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptides. J Bone Miner Res. 2002 Jan; 17(1):66-76. PMID: 11771671.
      Citations:    
    169. Adams CS, Shapiro IM. The fate of the terminally differentiated chondrocyte: evidence for microenvironmental regulation of chondrocyte apoptosis. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002; 13(6):465-73. PMID: 12499240.
      Citations:    
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