Thomas Jefferson University

Noreen Hickok

TitleProfessor
InstitutionThomas Jefferson University
DepartmentOrthopedic Surgery
Address1015 Walnut St.
Philadelphia PA 19107
Phone215-955-6979
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    R29AR040022     (HICKOK, NOREEN J)May 1, 1990 - Apr 30, 1996
    NIH
    KERATINOCYTES--MODULATION BY RETINOIC ACID
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AR041757     (HICKOK, NOREEN J)Aug 1, 1992 - Jul 31, 1996
    NIH
    REGULATION OF HUMAN KERATINOCYTE GENE EXPRESSION BY TPA
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AR045181     (HICKOK, NOREEN J)Jul 1, 2000 - Jun 30, 2005
    NIH
    EXON-SPECIFIC FIBRONECTIN ISOFORMS AND CHONDROGENESIS
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01HD061053     (HICKOK, NOREEN J)Aug 10, 2009 - Jan 31, 2016
    NIH
    Creating an Infection-Free Intraosseus Transcutaneous Amputation Prosthesis
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01DE019901     (HICKOK, NOREEN J)Sep 17, 2009 - Aug 31, 2012
    NIH
    A new allograft that promotes long-term, infection-free skeletal repair
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    R01AR069119     (HICKOK, NOREEN J)Apr 1, 2016 - Mar 31, 2021
    NIH
    Preventing Spinal Infection: Ultrasound Triggered Prophylaxis
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator
    R01AR072513     (HICKOK, NOREEN J)Aug 1, 2017 - May 31, 2022
    NIH
    Synovial Fluid and Joint Sepsis
    Role: Principal Investigator
    R01AR076941     (BOURKE, PAULA ;FREEMAN, THERESA A ;GILMORE, BRENDAN ;HICKOK, NOREEN J)Feb 1, 2020 - Nov 30, 2025
    NIH
    Plasma-based therapies for bone infection: A tripartite USA/Northern Ireland/Republic of Ireland consortium
    Role: Co-Principal Investigator

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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Moriarty TF, Hickok NJ, Saeed K, Schaer TP, Chen AF, Schwarz EM. The 2023 Orthopaedic Research Society International Consensus Meeting on musculoskeletal infection. J Orthop Res. 2023 Oct 12. PMID: 37823833.
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    2. Purtill C, Dhesi M, Haber D, D Antonio N, Hickok NJ, Simon JI. Multiple Sterile Withdrawals from Iohexol Bottles Does Not Increase Contamination Risk. Pain Physician. 2023 07; 26(4):369-373. PMID: 37535776.
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    3. Delaney LJ, Isguven S, Hilliard R, Lacerda Q, Oeffinger BE, Machado P, Schaer TP, Hickok NJ, Kurtz SM, Forsberg F. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Ultrasound-Triggered Release From Novel Spinal Device. J Ultrasound Med. 2023 May 30. PMID: 37249416.
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    4. Zhao N, Curry D, Evans RE, Isguven S, Freeman T, Eisenbrey JR, Forsberg F, Gilbertie JM, Boorman S, Hilliard R, Dastgheyb SS, Machado P, Stanczak M, Harwood M, Chen AF, Parvizi J, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ, Schaer TP. Microbubble cavitation restores Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic susceptibility in vitro and in a septic arthritis model. Commun Biol. 2023 04 17; 6(1):425. PMID: 37069337.
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    5. Maybin JA, Thompson TP, Flynn PB, Skvortsov T, Hickok NJ, Freeman TA, Gilmore BF. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma-antibiotic synergy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms is mediated via oxidative stress response. Biofilm. 2023 Dec; 5:100122. PMID: 37214348.
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    6. Zhao N, Isguven S, Evans R, Schaer TP, Hickok NJ. Berberine disrupts staphylococcal proton motive force to cause potent anti-staphylococcal effects in vitro. Biofilm. 2023 Dec; 5:100117. PMID: 37090161.
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    7. Dewey MJ, Collins AJ, Tiffany A, Barnhouse VR, Lu C, Kolliopoulos V, Mutreja I, Hickok NJ, Harley BAC. Evaluation of bacterial attachment on mineralized collagen scaffolds and addition of manuka honey to increase mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis. Biomaterials. 2023 Jan 19; 294:122015. PMID: 36701999.
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    8. Leong JY, Capella CE, D'Amico MJ, Isguven S, Purtill C, Machado P, Delaney LJ, Henry GD, Hickok NJ, Forsberg F, Chung PH. A scoping review of penile implant biofilms-what do we know and what remains unknown? Transl Androl Urol. 2022 Aug; 11(8):1210-1221. PMID: 36092843.
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    9. Gilbertie JM, Schaer TP, Engiles JB, Seiler GS, Deddens BL, Schubert AG, Jacob ME, Stefanovski D, Ruthel G, Hickok NJ, Stowe DM, Frink A, Schnabel LV. A Platelet-Rich Plasma-Derived Biologic Clears Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms While Mitigating Cartilage Degeneration and Joint Inflammation in a Clinically Relevant Large Animal Infectious Arthritis Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022; 12:895022. PMID: 35711655.
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    10. Delaney LJ, Isguven S, Eisenbrey JR, Hickok NJ, Forsberg F. Making waves: how ultrasound-targeted drug delivery is changing pharmaceutical approaches. Mater Adv. 2022 Apr 04; 3(7):3023-3040. PMID: 35445198.
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    11. Massaglia JE, Lebowitz C, Fitzgerald K, Hickok NJ, Beredjiklian P, Rivlin M. An Evaluation of the Bacterial Adherence to Casting Materials. Cureus. 2021 Jul; 13(7):e16724. PMID: 34513359.
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    12. Knott S, Curry D, Zhao N, Metgud P, Dastgheyb SS, Purtill C, Harwood M, Chen AF, Schaer TP, Otto M, Hickok NJ. Staphylococcus aureus Floating Biofilm Formation and Phenotype in Synovial Fluid Depends on Albumin, Fibrinogen, and Hyaluronic Acid. Front Microbiol. 2021; 12:655873. PMID: 33995317.
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    13. Heslin C, Boehm D, Gilmore BF, Megaw J, Freeman TA, Hickok NJ, Cullen PJ, Bourke P. Biomolecules as Model Indicators of In Vitro and In Vivo Cold Plasma Safety. Front Phys. 2021 Jan; 8. PMID: 37124146.
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    14. Isguven S, Chung PH, Machado P, Delaney LJ, Chen AF, Forsberg F, Hickok NJ. AUTHOR REPLY. Urology. 2020 Dec; 146:14. PMID: 33272418.
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    15. Isguven S, Chung PH, Machado P, Delaney LJ, Chen AF, Forsberg F, Hickok NJ. Minimizing Penile Prosthesis Implant Infection: What Can We Learn From Orthopedic Surgery? Urology. 2020 Dec; 146:6-14. PMID: 32991908.
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    16. Saeed K, Sendi P, Arnold WV, Bauer TW, Coraça-Huber DC, Chen AF, Choe H, Daiss JL, Ghert M, Hickok NJ, Nishitani K, Springer BD, Stoodley P, Sculco TP, Brause BD, Parvizi J, McLaren AC, Schwarz EM. Bacterial toxins in musculoskeletal infections. J Orthop Res. 2020 Apr 07. PMID: 32255540.
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    17. Schwarz EM, McLaren AC, Sculco TP, Brause B, Bostrom M, Kates SL, Parvizi J, Alt V, Arnold WV, Carli A, Chen AF, Choe H, Coraça-Huber DC, Cross M, Ghert M, Hickok N, Amber Jennings J, Joshi M, Metsemakers WJ, Ninomiya M, Nishitani K, Oh I, Padgett D, Ricciardi B, Saeed K, Sendi P, Springer B, Stoodley P, Wenke JC. Adjuvant Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cement: Concerns with Current Use and Research to Make it Work. J Orthop Res. 2020 Jan 30. PMID: 31997412.
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    18. Delaney LJ, Basgul C, MacDonald DW, Fitzgerald K, Hickok NJ, Kurtz SM, Forsberg F. Acoustic Parameters for Optimal Ultrasound-Triggered Release from Novel Spinal Hardware Devices. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2020 Feb; 46(2):350-358. PMID: 31732196.
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    19. Gilbertie JM, Schnabel LV, Hickok NJ, Jacob ME, Conlon BP, Shapiro IM, Parvizi J, Schaer TP. Equine or porcine synovial fluid as a novel ex vivo model for the study of bacterial free-floating biofilms that form in human joint infections. PLoS One. 2019; 14(8):e0221012. PMID: 31415623.
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    20. Schachtner J, Frohbergh M, Hickok N, Kurtz S. Are Medical Grade Bioabsorbable Polymers a Viable Material for Fused Filament Fabrication? J Med Device. 2019 Sep; 13(3):0310081-310085. PMID: 31700564.
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    21. Graham JG, Chen AF, Hickok NJ, Knott S, Purtill C, Martin D, Beredjiklian PK. Erratum to: Surgical Loupes Worn by Orthopaedic Surgeons Are a Reservoir for Microorganisms. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2019 06; 477(6):1521. PMID: 31094851.
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    22. Sandrowski K, Graham J, Knott S, Hickok N, Fitzgerald K, Beredjiklian PK, Rivlin M. Sterility of Ethyl Chloride Spray After Use in the Clinic. Hand (N Y). 2019 May 03; 1558944719846573. PMID: 31046460.
      Citations:    
    23. Delaney LJ, MacDonald D, Leung J, Fitzgerald K, Sevit AM, Eisenbrey JR, Patel N, Forsberg F, Kepler CK, Fang T, Kurtz SM, Hickok NJ. Ultrasound-triggered antibiotic release from PEEK clips to prevent spinal fusion infection: Initial evaluations. Acta Biomater. 2019 Feb 28. PMID: 30826477.
      Citations:    
    24. Graham JG, Chen AF, Hickok NJ, Knott S, Purtill C, Martin D, Beredjiklian PK. Surgical Loupes Worn by Orthopaedic Surgeons Are a Reservoir for Microorganisms. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2019 Feb 06. PMID: 30801279.
      Citations:    
    25. Saeed K, McLaren AC, Schwarz EM, Antoci V, Arnold WV, Chen AF, Clauss M, Esteban J, Gant V, Hendershot E, Hickok N, Higuera CA, Coraça-Huber DC, Choe H, Jennings JA, Joshi M, Li WT, Noble PC, Phillips KS, Pottinger PS, Restrepo C, Rohde H, Schaer TP, Shen H, Smeltzer M, Stoodley P, Webb JCJ, Witsø E. 2018 international consensus meeting on musculoskeletal infection: Summary from the biofilm workgroup and consensus on biofilm related musculoskeletal infections. J Orthop Res. 2019 Jan 22. PMID: 30667567.
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    26. Bauer TW, Bedair H, Creech JD, Deirmengian C, Eriksson H, Fillingham Y, Grigoryan G, Hickok N, Krenn V, Krenn V, Lazarinis S, Lidgren L, Lonner JH, Odum S, Shah J, Shahi A, Shohat N, Tarabichi M, W-Dahl A, Wongworawat MD. Hip and Knee Section, Diagnosis, Laboratory Tests: Proceedings of International Consensus on Orthopedic Infections. J Arthroplasty. 2018 Oct 18. PMID: 30343973.
      Citations:    
    27. Nguyen L, Lu P, Boehm D, Bourke P, Gilmore BF, Hickok NJ, Freeman TA. Cold atmospheric plasma is a viable solution for treating orthopedic infection: a review. Biol Chem. 2018 Sep 19. PMID: 30138104.
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    28. Gilmore BF, Flynn PB, O'Brien S, Hickok N, Freeman T, Bourke P. Cold Plasmas for Biofilm Control: Opportunities and Challenges. Trends Biotechnol. 2018 Jun; 36(6):627-638. PMID: 29729997.
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    29. Hickok NJ. What are Biofilms? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018 Apr 01; 43(7):S7-S8. PMID: 29736109.
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    30. Dastgheyb SS, Toorkey CB, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ. Porphyrin-adsorbed Allograft Bone: A Photoactive, Antibiofilm Surface. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015 Sep; 473(9):2865-73. PMID: 25894811.
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    31. Dastgheyb SS, Villaruz AE, Le KY, Tan VY, Duong AC, Chatterjee SS, Cheung GY, Joo HS, Hickok NJ, Otto M. Role of Phenol-Soluble Modulins in Formation of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms in Synovial Fluid. Infect Immun. 2015 Jul; 83(7):2966-75. PMID: 25964472.
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    32. Choe H, Deirmengian CA, Hickok NJ, Morrison TN, Tuan RS. Molecular diagnostics. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015 Apr; 23 Suppl:S26-31. PMID: 25808967.
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    33. Parvizi J, Alijanipour P, Barberi EF, Hickok NJ, Phillips KS, Shapiro IM, Schwarz EM, Stevens MH, Wang Y, Shirtliff ME. Novel developments in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periprosthetic joint infections. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015 Apr; 23 Suppl:S32-43. PMID: 25808968.
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    34. Dastgheyb S, Hickok NJ, Otto M. Reply to Perez and Patel. J Infect Dis. 2015 Jul 15; 212(2):336-7. PMID: 25712972.
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    35. Lee HS, Dastgheyb SS, Hickok NJ, Eckmann DM, Composto RJ. Targeted Release of Tobramycin from a pH-Responsive Grafted Bilayer Challenged with S. aureus. Biomacromolecules. 2015 Feb 9; 16(2):650-9. PMID: 25585173.
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    36. Dastgheyb SS, Hammoud S, Ketonis C, Liu AY, Fitzgerald K, Parvizi J, Purtill J, Ciccotti M, Shapiro IM, Otto M, Hickok NJ. Staphylococcal persistence due to biofilm formation in synovial fluid containing prophylactic cefazolin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Apr; 59(4):2122-8. PMID: 25624333.
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    37. Davidson H, Poon M, Saunders R, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ, Adams CS. Tetracycline tethered to titanium inhibits colonization by Gram-negative bacteria. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2015 Oct; 103(7):1381-9. PMID: 25389082.
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    38. Dastgheyb S, Parvizi J, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ, Otto M. Effect of biofilms on recalcitrance of staphylococcal joint infection to antibiotic treatment. J Infect Dis. 2015 Feb 15; 211(4):641-50. PMID: 25214518.
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    39. Coll Ferrer MC, Dastgheyb S, Hickok NJ, Eckmann DM, Composto RJ. Designing nanogel carriers for antibacterial applications. Acta Biomater. 2014 May; 10(5):2105-11. PMID: 24434534.
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    40. Diaz-Ledezma C, Parvizi J, Zhou Y, Antoci V, Ducheyne P, Freiberg A, Rangel GG, Han SB, Hickok N, Higuera C, Ketonis C, Korkusuz F, Kruczynski J, Macule F, Markuszewski J, Marín-Peña O, Nathwani D, Noble P, Ong K, Ono N, Parvizi MS, Post Z, Rivero-Boschert S, Schaer T, Shapiro I. Prosthesis selection. J Orthop Res. 2014 Jan; 32 Suppl 1:S90-7. PMID: 24464902.
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    41. Diaz-Ledezma C, Parvizi J, Zhou Y, Antoci V, Ducheyne P, Freiberg A, Garcia Rangel G, Han SB, Hickok N, Higuera C, Ketonis C, Korkusuz F, Kruczynski J, Macule F, Markuszewski J, Marín-Peña O, Nathwani D, Noble P, Ong K, Ono N, Parvizi MS, Post Z, Rivero-Boschert S, Schaer T, Shapiro I. Prosthesis selection. J Arthroplasty. 2014 Feb; 29(2 Suppl):71-6. PMID: 24360496.
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    42. Dastgheyb SS, Eckmann DM, Composto RJ, Hickok NJ. Photo-activated porphyrin in combination with antibiotics: Therapies against Staphylococci. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2013 Dec 5; 129:27-35. PMID: 24148969.
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    43. Ferrer MC, Hickok NJ, Eckmann DM, Composto RJ. Antibacterial Biomimetic Hybrid Films. Soft Matter. 2013 Feb 28; 8(8):2423-2431. PMID: 23807896.
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    44. Lee HS, Yee MQ, Eckmann YY, Hickok NJ, Eckmann DM, Composto RJ. Reversible Swelling of Chitosan and Quaternary Ammonium Modified Chitosan Brush Layers: Effect of pH and Counter Anion Size and Functionality. J Mater Chem. 2012 Oct 7; 22(37):19605-19616. PMID: 23209343.
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    45. Stewart S, Barr S, Engiles J, Hickok NJ, Shapiro IM, Richardson DW, Parvizi J, Schaer TP. Vancomycin-modified implant surface inhibits biofilm formation and supports bone-healing in an infected osteotomy model in sheep: a proof-of-concept study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012 Aug 1; 94(15):1406-15. PMID: 22854994.
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    46. Liu Q, Limthongkul W, Sidhu G, Zhang J, Vaccaro A, Shenck R, Hickok N, Shapiro I, Freeman T. Covalent attachment of P15 peptide to titanium surfaces enhances cell attachment, spreading, and osteogenic gene expression. J Orthop Res. 2012 Oct; 30(10):1626-33. PMID: 22504956.
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    47. Hickok NJ, Shapiro IM. Immobilized antibiotics to prevent orthopaedic implant infections. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012 Sep; 64(12):1165-76. PMID: 22512927.
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    48. Lee HS, Eckmann DM, Lee D, Hickok NJ, Composto RJ. Symmetric pH-dependent swelling and antibacterial properties of chitosan brushes. Langmuir. 2011 Oct 18; 27(20):12458-65. PMID: 21894981.
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    49. Ketonis C, Barr S, Adams CS, Shapiro IM, Parvizi J, Hickok NJ. Vancomycin bonded to bone grafts prevents bacterial colonization. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Feb; 55(2):487-94. PMID: 21098245.
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    50. Ketonis C, Barr S, Shapiro IM, Parvizi J, Adams CS, Hickok NJ. Antibacterial activity of bone allografts: comparison of a new vancomycin-tethered allograft with allograft loaded with adsorbed vancomycin. Bone. 2011 Mar 1; 48(3):631-8. PMID: 21035576.
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    51. Ketonis C, Barr S, Adams CS, Hickok NJ, Parvizi J. Bacterial colonization of bone allografts: establishment and effects of antibiotics. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010 Aug; 468(8):2113-21. PMID: 20361282.
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    52. Ketonis C, Adams CS, Barr S, Aiyer A, Shapiro IM, Parvizi J, Hickok NJ. Antibiotic modification of native grafts: improving upon nature's scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 Jun; 16(6):2041-9. PMID: 20109017.
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    53. Adams CS, Antoci V, Harrison G, Patal P, Freeman TA, Shapiro IM, Parvizi J, Hickok NJ, Radin S, Ducheyne P. Controlled release of vancomycin from thin sol-gel films on implant surfaces successfully controls osteomyelitis. J Orthop Res. 2009 Jun; 27(6):701-9. PMID: 19051247.
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    54. Gilbert JR, Adams CS, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ. A novel short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression system promotes Sox9-dependent gene silencing. Plasmid. 2009 Jul; 62(1):50-5. PMID: 19389425.
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    55. Ketonis C, Parvizi J, Adams CS, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ. Topographic features retained after antibiotic modification of Ti alloy surfaces: retention of topography with attachment of antibiotics. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009 Jul; 467(7):1678-87. PMID: 19365697.
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    56. Antoci V, Adams CS, Parvizi J, Davidson HM, Composto RJ, Freeman TA, Wickstrom E, Ducheyne P, Jungkind D, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ. The inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation by vancomycin-modified titanium alloy and implications for the treatment of periprosthetic infection. Biomaterials. 2008 Dec; 29(35):4684-90. PMID: 18814909.
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    57. Antoci V, Adams CS, Hickok NJ, Shapiro IM, Parvizi J. Antibiotics for local delivery systems cause skeletal cell toxicity in vitro. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007 Sep; 462:200-6. PMID: 17572634.
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    58. Antoci V, Adams CS, Parvizi J, Ducheyne P, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ. Covalently attached vancomycin provides a nanoscale antibacterial surface. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007 Aug; 461:81-7. PMID: 17549031.
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    59. Antoci V, Adams CS, Hickok NJ, Shapiro IM, Parvizi J. Vancomycin bound to Ti rods reduces periprosthetic infection: preliminary study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007 Aug; 461:88-95. PMID: 17549034.
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    60. Antoci V, King SB, Jose B, Parvizi J, Zeiger AR, Wickstrom E, Freeman TA, Composto RJ, Ducheyne P, Shapiro IM, Hickok NJ, Adams CS. Vancomycin covalently bonded to titanium alloy prevents bacterial colonization. J Orthop Res. 2007 Jul; 25(7):858-66. PMID: 17415753.
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    61. Edupuganti OP, Antoci V, King SB, Jose B, Adams CS, Parvizi J, Shapiro IM, Zeiger AR, Hickok NJ, Wickstrom E. Covalent bonding of vancomycin to Ti6Al4V alloy pins provides long-term inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 May 15; 17(10):2692-6. PMID: 17369042.
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    62. Han F, Gilbert JR, Harrison G, Adams CS, Freeman T, Tao Z, Zaka R, Liang H, Williams C, Tuan RS, Norton PA, Hickok NJ. Transforming growth factor-beta1 regulates fibronectin isoform expression and splicing factor SRp40 expression during ATDC5 chondrogenic maturation. Exp Cell Res. 2007 May 1; 313(8):1518-32. PMID: 17391668.
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    63. Parvizi J, Antoci V, Hickok NJ, Shapiro IM. Selfprotective smart orthopedic implants. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2007 Jan; 4(1):55-64. PMID: 17187471.
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    64. Jose B, Antoci V, Zeiger AR, Wickstrom E, Hickok NJ. Vancomycin covalently bonded to titanium beads kills Staphylococcus aureus. Chem Biol. 2005 Sep; 12(9):1041-8. PMID: 16183028.
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    65. Han F, Adams CS, Tao Z, Williams CJ, Zaka R, Tuan RS, Norton PA, Hickok NJ. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) regulates ATDC5 chondrogenic differentiation and fibronectin isoform expression. J Cell Biochem. 2005 Jul 1; 95(4):750-62. PMID: 15832361.
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    66. Parvizi J, Wickstrom E, Zeiger AR, Adams CS, Shapiro IM, Purtill JJ, Sharkey PF, Hozack WJ, Rothman RH, Hickok NJ. Frank Stinchfield Award. Titanium surface with biologic activity against infection. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004 Dec; (429):33-8. PMID: 15577462.
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    67. Nöth U, Tuli R, Seghatoleslami R, Howard M, Shah A, Hall DJ, Hickok NJ, Tuan RS. Activation of p38 and Smads mediates BMP-2 effects on human trabecular bone-derived osteoblasts. Exp Cell Res. 2003 Nov 15; 291(1):201-11. PMID: 14597420.
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    68. El-Amin SF, Attawia M, Lu HH, Shah AK, Chang R, Hickok NJ, Tuan RS, Laurencin CT. Integrin expression by human osteoblasts cultured on degradable polymeric materials applicable for tissue engineered bone. J Orthop Res. 2002 Jan; 20(1):20-8. PMID: 11853086.
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