"Botulinum Toxins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus,
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure,
which enables searching at various levels of specificity.
Toxic proteins produced from the species CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. The toxins are synthesized as a single peptide chain which is processed into a mature protein consisting of a heavy chain and light chain joined via a disulfide bond. The botulinum toxin light chain is a zinc-dependent protease which is released from the heavy chain upon ENDOCYTOSIS into PRESYNAPTIC NERVE ENDINGS. Once inside the cell the botulinum toxin light chain cleaves specific SNARE proteins which are essential for secretion of ACETYLCHOLINE by SYNAPTIC VESICLES. This inhibition of acetylcholine release results in muscular PARALYSIS.
| Descriptor ID |
D001905
|
| MeSH Number(s) |
D08.811.277.656.300.480.153 D08.811.277.656.675.374.153 D12.776.097.156 D23.946.123.179
|
| Concept/Terms |
Botulinum Toxins- Botulinum Toxins
- Toxins, Botulinum
- Botulinum Toxin
- Toxin, Botulinum
- Clostridium botulinum Toxins
- Toxins, Clostridium botulinum
- Botulin
|
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Botulinum Toxins".
Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more specific than "Botulinum Toxins".
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Botulinum Toxins" by people in this website by year, and whether "Botulinum Toxins" was a major or minor topic of these publications.
To see the data from this visualization as text,
click here.
| Year | Major Topic | Minor Topic | Total |
|---|
| 1997 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2000 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2002 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2003 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2004 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2005 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2006 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2007 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2008 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2009 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2011 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2013 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
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Below are the most recent publications written about "Botulinum Toxins" by people in Profiles.
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Kelly EA, Koszewski IJ, Jaradeh SS, Merati AL, Blumin JH, Bock JM. Botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2013 Feb; 122(2):100-8.
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Singh J, Maxwell PJ, Rattan S. Immunocytochemical evidence for PDBu-induced activation of RhoA/ROCK in human internal anal sphincter smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011 Aug; 301(2):G317-25.
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Fehlings MG, Theodore N, Harrop J, Maurais G, Kuntz C, Shaffrey CI, Kwon BK, Chapman J, Yee A, Tighe A, McKerracher L. A phase I/IIa clinical trial of a recombinant Rho protein antagonist in acute spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2011 May; 28(5):787-96.
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Ailani J, Young WB. The role of nerve blocks and botulinum toxin injections in the management of cluster headaches. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2009 Apr; 13(2):164-7.
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Adekar SP, Takahashi T, Jones RM, Al-Saleem FH, Ancharski DM, Root MJ, Kapadnis BP, Simpson LL, Dessain SK. Neutralization of botulinum neurotoxin by a human monoclonal antibody specific for the catalytic light chain. PLoS One. 2008; 3(8):e3023.
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Adekar SP, Jones RM, Elias MD, Al-Saleem FH, Root MJ, Simpson LL, Dessain SK. Hybridoma populations enriched for affinity-matured human IgGs yield high-affinity antibodies specific for botulinum neurotoxins. J Immunol Methods. 2008 Apr 20; 333(1-2):156-66.
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Patel CA, Rattan S. Cellular regulation of basal tone in internal anal sphincter smooth muscle by RhoA/ROCK. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007 Jun; 292(6):G1747-56.
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Yao H, Dashner EJ, van Golen CM, van Golen KL. RhoC GTPase is required for PC-3 prostate cancer cell invasion but not motility. Oncogene. 2006 Apr 13; 25(16):2285-96.
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Holinstat M, Knezevic N, Broman M, Samarel AM, Malik AB, Mehta D. Suppression of RhoA activity by focal adhesion kinase-induced activation of p190RhoGAP: role in regulation of endothelial permeability. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jan 27; 281(4):2296-305.
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Ashkenazi A, Silberstein SD. Botulinum toxin and other new approaches to migraine therapy. Annu Rev Med. 2004; 55:505-18.